File:Fruit culture (1912) (14782031622).jpg

Identifier: fruitculture01inte (find matches)
Title: (Fruit culture)
Year: 1912 (1910s)
Authors: International Library of Technology
Subjects: Fruit-culture
Publisher: Scranton, Pa., International Textbook Co.
Contributing Library: UMass Amherst Libraries
Digitizing Sponsor: Boston Library Consortium Member Libraries

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lils.—A very serious insect to youngapple trees and apple trees in an unthrifty condition is a smallplant louse known as the woolly apple aphis. The name woollyaphis was, no doubt, given to this insect from the fact that abluish-white, cottony, waxy mass is secreted in threads fromthe abdomen of the insect. This cottony, or wool-like, secretiongives a colony of the insects a bluish-white, or mold-like, appear-ance. The life history of this insect is peculiar in many respects,and an understanding of its life enables orchardists better tocombat the insect. The colonies are largely composed of 6 APPLE PESTS AND INJURIES 53 mature, wingless females, one of which is illustrated in Fig. 38 (a).This form of the insect appears throughout the summer monthsand produces from two to twenty young wingless females eachday; these mature in from 8 to 20 days and begin giving birthto young. In the fall, the wingless females produce a broodof winged females, one of which is shown in (6). These winged
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females migrate to other trees and give birth to from four tosix wingless males and females. The sexual male insect isshown in (c) and the sexual female insect in (d). The mouth parts of the sexual forms are very poorly devel-oped, and neither the male nor the female takes any food.They mate, however, and the female lays a single large blackegg, which is usually deposited under a loose piece of barksomewhere on the lower part of the trunk of the tree. Thefemale with the large egg extruded, but still attached to herbody is shown greatly enlarged in (e). This egg hatches in the 54 APPLE PESTS AND INJURIES early spring into a wingless female like that shown in (a), thuscompleting the life cycle of the insect. The woolly apple aphis lives both on the limbs and on theroots of apple trees. It is most often found on young greentwigs of the trees such as water sprouts and on the leaves andin wounds. A colony of these insects is shown in Fig. 39 (a)on a twig and in a wound in the bark of a sma

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