File:Frost and fire - natural engines, tool-marks and chips - with sketches taken at home and abroad by a traveller (1863) (14761421146).jpg

Identifier: frostfirenatural03camp (find matches)
Title: Frost & fire : natural engines, tool-marks & chips : with sketches taken at home and abroad by a traveller
Year: 1863 (1860s)
Authors: Campbell, J. F. (John Francis), 1822-1885
Subjects: Glaciers Meteorology Geology
Publisher: Edinburgh : Edmonston and Douglas
Contributing Library: National Library of Scotland
Digitizing Sponsor: National Library of Scotland

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Text Appearing Before Image:
e ice-sledge, they all lead various ways back to the watershed.From the source of the glacier—from the highest point; fromKaabe—lines nmst radiate to the sea, through every glenwhich holds part of the drainage of the ice-field. The markof the local land-ice system is a star * or some other radiat-ing figure ; or a herrmg-bone pattern, on a ridge. Wliere icehas made its mark, and melted, the shape of an old localsystem may be learned from old rock inscriptions carved byit, and from stranded chips. Large as this Norwegian local system now is, it was larger. Old work done by Justedal ice is seen in the glen throughwhich it flows. Close above the ice a higher ice-level ismarked on the rocks by a lighter line, where even lichenshave failed to grow. The woodcut (p. 197) shows the line,but in nature it is conspicuous. That line marks a recentchange of climate, as surely as the scale of a registering ther-mometer marks temperature. But that line marks a smallchange ; it is but one degree.
Text Appearing After Image:
illlllll LANL)-I(!E—NORWAY—LOCAL SYSTEM. 207 Older marks sliow a lower temperatures and iar largerglaciers in this glen. In the woodcut (to the left) is a pointof rounded bare rock, which proves, hy its shape, that the iceflowed over it. It is a tor; Init the ice was far deeper. Farlip on hill-sides, as in Fig. 39, p. 204, great stones are perchedupon rounded tables of rock, and high up and low down, onthe sides and on the bottom of the glen, horizontal groovesand scratches point from the hills out to sea. These cross therun of streams which now flow from the hills into the glenwhere the ice is. Nearer to the sea where branch glens joina larger stem, and ice becomes a river, Justedal bears thesame marks up to 4000 or 5000 feet, and these extend for thirtymiles to the fjord. Every liill is rounded, and great stoneshang poised where they were stranded by land-ice, or l)y ice-floats. The bottoni of the valley, all the way to the sea, isstrewed with drift, with clay, gravel, and l^oul

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