File:Freedmen's Colony on Roanoke Island, Fort Raleigh National Historic Site, Manteo, Roanoke Island, North Carolina (14459267164).jpg
![File:Freedmen's Colony on Roanoke Island, Fort Raleigh National Historic Site, Manteo, Roanoke Island, North Carolina (14459267164).jpg](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/4/4c/Freedmen%27s_Colony_on_Roanoke_Island%2C_Fort_Raleigh_National_Historic_Site%2C_Manteo%2C_Roanoke_Island%2C_North_Carolina_%2814459267164%29.jpg/450px-Freedmen%27s_Colony_on_Roanoke_Island%2C_Fort_Raleigh_National_Historic_Site%2C_Manteo%2C_Roanoke_Island%2C_North_Carolina_%2814459267164%29.jpg?20200211022912)
Original file (3,000 × 4,000 pixels, file size: 3.69 MB, MIME type: image/jpeg)
Captions
Captions
Summary
[edit]DescriptionFreedmen's Colony on Roanoke Island, Fort Raleigh National Historic Site, Manteo, Roanoke Island, North Carolina (14459267164).jpg |
The Freedmen's Colony of Roanoke Island, also known as the Roanoke Island Freedmen's Colony, or "Freedman's Colony", was founded in 1863 during the Civil War after Union Major General John G. Foster, Commander of the 18th Army Corps, captured the Confederate fortifications on Roanoke Island off North Carolina in 1862. He classified the slaves living there as "contraband", following the precedent of General Benjamin Butler at Fort Monroe in 1861, and did not return them to Confederate slaveholders. In 1863, by the Emancipation Proclamation, all slaves in Union-occupied territories were freed. The island colony started as one of what were 100 contraband camps by the war's end, but it became something more. The African Americans lived as freedmen and civilians. They were joined by former slaves from the mainland, seeking refuge and freedom with the Union forces. They were paid for their work and sought education, along with their children. As commanding officer of the Department of North Carolina, in 1863 Foster appointed Horace James, a Congregational chaplain, as the "Superintendent of Negro Affairs in the North Carolina District", to supervise the contraband camps and administer to freedmen. James was based at New Bern, where he managed the Trent River contraband camp. James believed the Roanoke Island Colony was an important experiment in black freedom and a potential model for other freedmen communities. Freedmen built churches and set up the first free school for black children here; and they were soon joined by Northern missionary teachers who came to the South to help the effort. There was a core group of about six teachers, but a total of 27 teachers served at the island.[1] As the war went on, conditions became more difficult at the crowded colony, whose residents suffered infectious diseases. In 1865 President Andrew Johnson ordered the return of all property under his "Amnesty Proclamation", and the lands cultivated and occupied by contraband camps were returned to owners. The freedmen were not given rights to their holdings in the Colony, and most left the island. Its soil had proved too poor to support many subsistence farmers. In later 1865, the US Army directed the dismantling of the three forts on the island. By 1867, the colony was abandoned, but about 300 freedmen still lived there independently in 1870. Some of their descendants live there today. <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedmen's_Colony_of_Roanoke_Island" rel="nofollow">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freedmen%27s_Colony_of_Roanoke_Island</a> <a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_Attribution-ShareAlike_3.0_Unported_License" rel="nofollow">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_...</a> |
Date | |
Source | Freedmen's Colony on Roanoke Island, Fort Raleigh National Historic Site, Manteo, Roanoke Island, North Carolina |
Author | Ken Lund from Reno, Nevada, USA |
Camera location | 35° 56′ 13.29″ N, 75° 42′ 27.99″ W ![]() | View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMap | ![]() |
---|
Licensing
[edit]![w:en:Creative Commons](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/CC_some_rights_reserved.svg/90px-CC_some_rights_reserved.svg.png)
![attribution](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Cc-by_new_white.svg/24px-Cc-by_new_white.svg.png)
![share alike](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/d/df/Cc-sa_white.svg/24px-Cc-sa_white.svg.png)
- You are free:
- to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work
- to remix – to adapt the work
- Under the following conditions:
- attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
- share alike – If you remix, transform, or build upon the material, you must distribute your contributions under the same or compatible license as the original.
![]() |
This image was originally posted to Flickr by Ken Lund at https://flickr.com/photos/75683070@N00/14459267164 (archive). It was reviewed on 11 February 2020 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-sa-2.0. |
11 February 2020
File history
Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time.
Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
current | 02:29, 11 February 2020 | ![]() | 3,000 × 4,000 (3.69 MB) | Ser Amantio di Nicolao (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr via #flickr2commons |
You cannot overwrite this file.
File usage on Commons
There are no pages that use this file.
Metadata
This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong.
Camera manufacturer | Canon |
---|---|
Camera model | Canon PowerShot SX280 HS |
Exposure time | 1/250 sec (0.004) |
F-number | f/4 |
ISO speed rating | 80 |
Date and time of data generation | 06:21, 19 June 2014 |
Lens focal length | 4.5 mm |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 180 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 180 dpi |
Software used | Microsoft Windows Photo Gallery 6.0.6001.18000 |
File change date and time | 10:56, 19 June 2014 |
Y and C positioning | Co-sited |
Exif version | 2.3 |
Date and time of digitizing | 06:21, 19 June 2014 |
Meaning of each component |
|
Image compression mode | 3 |
APEX shutter speed | 7.96875 |
APEX aperture | 4 |
APEX exposure bias | −0.33333333333333 |
Maximum land aperture | 3.625 APEX (f/3.51) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Flash | Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Focal plane X resolution | 16,393.442622951 |
Focal plane Y resolution | 16,393.442622951 |
Focal plane resolution unit | inches |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Custom image processing | Custom process |
Exposure mode | Manual exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Scene capture type | Standard |
GPS tag version | 2.3.0.0 |
Rating (out of 5) | 0 |