File:Fossil bivalve (Upper Ordovician; Southgate Hill Outcrop, Franklin County, Indiana, USA) 1.jpg
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English: Fossil bivalve with encrusting bryozoans from the Ordovician of Indiana, USA.
This fossil clam is from the famous Cincinnatian Series of the tristate area of Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana. Rocks in the Cincinnatian were deposited in relatively shallow marine facies during the Late Ordovician. The Cincinnatian succession is mostly interbedded limestones and shales. Most of the limestones are event beds (= tempestites), deposited during ancient storms. Bivalves are bilaterally symmetrical molluscs having two calcareous, asymmetrical shells (valves) - they include the clams, oysters, and scallops. In most bivalves, the two shells are mirror images of each other (the major exception is the oysters). They occur in marine, estuarine, and freshwater environments. Bivalves are also known as pelecypods and lamellibranchiates. Bivalves are sessile, benthic organisms - they occur on or below substrates. Most of them are filter-feeders, using siphons to bring in water, filter the water for tiny particles of food, then expel the used water. The majority of bivalves are infaunal - they burrow into unlithified sediments. In hard substrate environments, some forms make borings, in which the bivalve lives. Some groups are hard substrate encrusters, using a mineral cement to attach to rocks, shells, or wood. The fossil record of bivalves is Cambrian to Recent. They are especially common in the post-Paleozoic fossil record. This clam mold is heavily encrusted with trepostome bryozoans and the basal surfaces of Cuffeyella arachnoidea cyclostome bryozoans. Stratigraphy: float from the Waynesville Formation or Liberty Formation, Richmondian Stage, upper Cincinnatian Series, upper Upper Ordovician Locality: Southgate Hill Outcrop - roadcut along Route 1, just north of South Gate & just south of the Whitewater River & just southwest of Cedar Grove, southeastern Franklin County, southeastern Indiana, USA (39° 20.272' North latitude, 84° 57.160' West longitude) |
| Date | |
| Source | https://www.flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/50018048637/ |
| Author | James St. John |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by James St. John at https://flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/50018048637. It was reviewed on 14 October 2020 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
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| current | 03:57, 14 October 2020 | | 2,145 × 1,723 (2.6 MB) | Ser Amantio di Nicolao (talk | contribs) | Uploaded a work by James St. John from https://www.flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/50018048637/ with UploadWizard |
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