File:Fossil Trace Golf Course (Golden, Colorado, USA) 2.jpg
![File:Fossil Trace Golf Course (Golden, Colorado, USA) 2.jpg](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/5/5a/Fossil_Trace_Golf_Course_%28Golden%2C_Colorado%2C_USA%29_2.jpg/800px-Fossil_Trace_Golf_Course_%28Golden%2C_Colorado%2C_USA%29_2.jpg?20221223142056)
Original file (3,008 × 2,000 pixels, file size: 5.47 MB, MIME type: image/jpeg)
Captions
Captions
Summary
[edit]DescriptionFossil Trace Golf Course (Golden, Colorado, USA) 2.jpg |
English: This golf course in Golden, Colorado was built at the site of an old clay mining operation. Soft clay horizons occurred between hard sandstone intervals of the Laramie Formation. The beds here are vertically oriented - structural tilting occurred during the Laramide Orogeny in the Tertiary. The Laramie Formation is a nonmarine, coastal plain to deltaic succession of mostly mixed siliciclastic sedimentary rocks - sandstones, siltstones, claystones, and coals.
After clay mining ceased, the site became a landfill for ash from coal burning operations. Landfill activity buried many dinosaur footprints preserved in the Laramie Formation sandstones. The locality is now an odd-looking golf course, but portions of the site are a "fossil preserve" with dinosaur footprints, plant fossils, and other features that can be closely examined along trails. Two versions of on-site signage: Clay Mining Since 1877, five generations of the Parfet Family have mined clay from this area. Previously operated as the Parfet Clay Pit, the ceramic and brick industry used clay from this area primarily for bricks and sewer pipe. The Governor’s mansion, East and South High Schools in Denver, and the Jefferson County Hall of Justice in Golden were built from the distinctive tan bricks. The clay, deposited in lakes and swamps 68 million years ago during the Late Cretaceous, is part of the Laramie Formation. Uplift of the modern day Rocky Mountains some 67-55 million years ago tilted the rock strata to their near vertical position. The clay layers were excavataed as trenches, leaving the vertical fins of sandstone visible today. Trace fossils such as dinosaur tracks and leaf impressions are visible on many of the remaining sandstone walls. The pits on either side of the trail contain fossil footprints that have yet to be detailed. Logs, wedged horizontally between the sandstone walls, served as a warning device to miners. If the walls started to give way, the miners would hear the logs creak or “sing” and move to safety. Clay Mining Clay from the Fossil Trace Golf Course, previously operated as the Parfet Clay Pits, has been mined for the ceramic and brick industries since 1877 by five generations of the Parfet family. The predominant uses of this clay were for brick and sewer pipe. The tan brick was used to build the Governor’s mansion, East and South High Schools in Denver and the Jefferson County Hall of Justice in Golden. The clay was deposited in small ponds and depressions about 70 million years ago in the Late Cretaceous period and became part of the Laramie Formation. The rock strata were tilted vertical by the uplift of the modern day Rocky Mountains to the west approximately 60-65 million years ago. Clay layers were excavated as trenches, leaving vertical fins of sandstone, which contain trace fossils. The sandstone was originally sand which was deposited when adjacent streams overflowed their banks during flood events. Stratigraphy: Laramie Formation, Maastrichtian Stage, upper Upper Cretaceous Locality: outcrops at Fossil Trace Golf Course, southern side of the town of Golden, Colorado, USA |
Date | |
Source | https://www.flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/52580247467/ |
Author | James St. John |
Licensing
[edit]![w:en:Creative Commons](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/CC_some_rights_reserved.svg/90px-CC_some_rights_reserved.svg.png)
![attribution](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Cc-by_new_white.svg/24px-Cc-by_new_white.svg.png)
- You are free:
- to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work
- to remix – to adapt the work
- Under the following conditions:
- attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
![]() |
This image was originally posted to Flickr by James St. John at https://flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/52580247467. It was reviewed on 23 December 2022 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
23 December 2022
File history
Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time.
Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
current | 14:20, 23 December 2022 | ![]() | 3,008 × 2,000 (5.47 MB) | Ser Amantio di Nicolao (talk | contribs) | Uploaded a work by James St. John from https://www.flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/52580247467/ with UploadWizard |
You cannot overwrite this file.
File usage on Commons
There are no pages that use this file.
Metadata
This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong.
Camera manufacturer | NIKON CORPORATION |
---|---|
Camera model | NIKON D70s |
Exposure time | 1/800 sec (0.00125) |
F-number | f/14 |
ISO speed rating | 1,600 |
Date and time of data generation | 13:09, 1 November 2007 |
Lens focal length | 42 mm |
Width | 3,008 px |
Height | 2,000 px |
Bits per component |
|
Pixel composition | RGB |
Orientation | Normal |
Number of components | 3 |
Horizontal resolution | 300 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 300 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop Elements 20.0 (Macintosh) |
File change date and time | 00:40, 23 December 2022 |
Y and C positioning | Co-sited |
Exposure Program | Not defined |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 13:09, 1 November 2007 |
Meaning of each component |
|
Image compression mode | 4 |
APEX shutter speed | 9.643856 |
APEX aperture | 7.61471 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 4.3 APEX (f/4.44) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Light source | Unknown |
Flash | Flash did not fire |
DateTime subseconds | 10 |
DateTimeOriginal subseconds | 10 |
DateTimeDigitized subseconds | 10 |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Scene type | A directly photographed image |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 63 mm |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Scene control | Low gain up |
Contrast | Normal |
Saturation | Normal |
Sharpness | Normal |
Subject distance range | Unknown |
Serial number of camera | 1004a0cc |
Lens used | 18.0-200.0 mm f/3.5-5.6 |
Date metadata was last modified | 19:40, 22 December 2022 |
Unique ID of original document | F58BA981AC8070E0EEBD987E13BF2AD1 |