File:Fog in the Rotunda (13 June 2021) (Mammoth Cave, Kentucky, USA) 2 (51298969397).jpg
Original file (960 × 638 pixels, file size: 322 KB, MIME type: image/jpeg)
Captions
Summary
[edit]DescriptionFog in the Rotunda (13 June 2021) (Mammoth Cave, Kentucky, USA) 2 (51298969397).jpg |
(public domain photo provided by the American National Park Service) The Rotunda (also known as the Vestibule) is the first cave room encountered after entering Mammoth Cave's Historic Entrance. The Rotunda is an impressively large cave room having a rounded shape - this is best seen in the ceiling. The Rotunda is at the intersection of three passages: Houchins Narrows (behind the photographer here), Broadway Avenue (off to the left in the background), and Audubon Avenue (off to the right in the background). Wooden artifacts from an 1810s saltpetre mining operation are present in the room - these remains principally consist of old leaching vats. During wintertime in the past, cave visitors could witness thousands of hibernating bats on the walls and ceiling of the Rotunda. Paleontologic evidence of bats in Mammoth Cave also suggests that former bat populations were likely in the millions. The Rotunda and the three passages extending from it are part of Mammoth Cave's level B, the 2nd-highest level of passages, formed before 3.25 million years ago (Late Pliocene or before). When level B was flooded, water flowed from Broadway Avenue (off to the left) into the Rotunda, and then into Audubon Avenue (off to the right). For a while, water also flowed into Houchins Narrows (behind the viewer). Level B is currently well above present water table. The Rotunda and the three passages extending from it are now dry. Most of the bedrock in the walls of the Rotunda Room consists of gray limestones of the Paoli Member of the Girkin Limestone (lower Chesterian Series, lower Upper Mississippian). The Rotunda ceiling has gray limestones of the lower Beaver Bend Member of the Girkin Limestone. The circular ceiling of the Rotunda itself is a breakout dome. Seen here is the Rotunda on 13 June 2021 with natural fog, a rare meteorological event in Mammoth Cave. Park personnel noted that a surface storm resulted in an air temperature drop and an air pressure increase outside. Under normal conditions in summertime, cave air flows outward from the cave, and in wintertime, air flows inward. The storm-induced air pressure change here reversed airflow - humid air rushed in from the entrance, through Houchins Narrows, into the Rotunda area, and fog formed. Reports indicate that the fog dissipated after about 10 minutes. Locality: Rotunda, Mammoth Cave, near-northwestern end of Mammoth Cave Ridge, Kentucky, USA |
Date | |
Source | Fog in the Rotunda (13 June 2021) (Mammoth Cave, Kentucky, USA) 2 |
Author | James St. John |
Licensing
[edit]Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse |
This work has been released into the public domain by the author on Flickr, where the author has declared it as a "Public Domain Work" and tagged it with the Creative Commons Public Domain Mark.
|
||
The Public Domain Mark (PDM) is not a copyright license, but a symbol used to indicate that a work is in the public domain. When it is applied by the author or the copyright holder, community consensus has decided such works as being public domain in the US and countries where it is legally possible to release own work to the public domain. In the countries where this is not possible, the copyright status of the work remains undetermined.
| ||
If a file is tagged with Public Domain Mark by someone other than the author or the copyright holder, a more specific copyright tag such as one found at Commons:Copyright tags/General public domain must be applied. If this is your own work, please use {{Cc-zero}} instead.
Public domain Public domain false false |
This image was originally posted to Flickr by James St. John at https://flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/51298969397. It was reviewed on 21 April 2024 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the Public Domain Mark. |
21 April 2024
File history
Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time.
Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
current | 00:26, 20 January 2022 | 960 × 638 (322 KB) | SeichanGant (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr via #flickr2commons |
You cannot overwrite this file.
File usage on Commons
There are no pages that use this file.
Metadata
This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong.
Width | 960 px |
---|---|
Height | 720 px |
Bits per component |
|
Pixel composition | RGB |
Orientation | Normal |
Number of components | 3 |
Horizontal resolution | 72 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 72 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop Elements 18.0 (Macintosh) |
File change date and time | 13:04, 3 July 2021 |
Exif version | 2.31 |
Color space | sRGB |
Unique ID of original document | 0DC08E0666EC627983C0910F1E24215F |
Date and time of digitizing | 23:04, 2 July 2021 |
Date metadata was last modified | 09:04, 3 July 2021 |