File:Flames evolution during blowing in a Manhès-David converter.png

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Français : Évolution de la flamme à la sortie d'un convertisseur Manhès-David pendant le soufflage. On note successivement :
  • flamme rouge-brun sombre avec un gros panache de fumée blanche (oxydation des constituants secondaires) ;
  • flamme vert pomme (oxydation du sulfure de fer) ;
  • flamme blanche avec une teinte bleue (oxydation du cuivre en présence de laitier) ;
  • petite flamme, claire et peu éclairante, avec une teinte rougeâtre (oxydation du reste du soufre)
English: Evolution of the flame at the outlet of a Manhès-David converter during the blowing. We can notice the following steps :
  • dark reddish-brown flame and heavy white fumes (oxydising of the secondary components)
  • apple-green flamme (oxydising of the iron sulphide)
  • white blueish flame (oxydising of the copper, with may slag in the converter)
  • thin red-puple flame (oxydising of the remaing sulphur)
    		•
    Date
    Source Modern copper smelting In folio
    Author Donald M. Levy

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