File:Fig 2.3.1 Tipping elements (TE) and associated negative social tipping processes.png

English: Tipping elements (TE) and associated negative social tipping processes (TP) with the potential to further destabilise the world–Earth system. The processes they represent unfold across levels of social structure on different time- and spatial scales. Tipping in all tipping elements can occur very rapidly (hours), triggered by a major shock event or unfold more slowly (years) over cascading pathways as the effects of Earth system tipping accumulate. Tipping in all systems can also occur only locally, affecting a specific community or spread across the globe. The identified interactions between the various negative tipping processes mean that they can potentially reinforce one another, making destabilisation more likely. Figure adapted from Spaiser et al., 2023.