File:Fern Carpet (9002108266).jpg
![File:Fern Carpet (9002108266).jpg](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/62/Fern_Carpet_%289002108266%29.jpg/800px-Fern_Carpet_%289002108266%29.jpg?20170818235127)
Original file (5,184 × 3,456 pixels, file size: 17.17 MB, MIME type: image/jpeg)
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Summary
[edit]DescriptionFern Carpet (9002108266).jpg |
Meadow of hay-scented ferns (Dennstaedtia punctilobula) near Six-Mile Run, Moshannon State Forest, Centre County, along the Allegheny Front Trail. Large swaths of hay-scented ferns and, sometimes, bracken ferns (Pteridium species) dominate the forest understory here and elsewhere in the Allegheny Plateau region. Although attractive and eye-catching, the ferns indicate an unhealthy forest ecosystem; their fronds and root systems crowd out other vegetation (including tree seedlings), and they release allelopathic chemicals that suppress plant growth. Conditions that further perpetuate the ferns are deer overbrowsing (deer find the ferns unpalatable but will browse most other vegetation) and acid rain (the ferns tolerate soil acidification). |
Date | |
Source | Fern Carpet |
Author | Nicholas A. Tonelli from Northeast Pennsylvania, USA |
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Camera location | 40° 54′ 10″ N, 78° 06′ 33.62″ W ![]() | View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMap | ![]() |
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Licensing
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by Nicholas_T at https://flickr.com/photos/14922165@N00/9002108266. It was reviewed on 18 August 2017 by FlickreviewR and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
18 August 2017
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Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
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current | 23:51, 18 August 2017 | ![]() | 5,184 × 3,456 (17.17 MB) | XXN (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr via Flickr2Commons |
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Metadata
This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong.
Camera manufacturer | Canon |
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Camera model | Canon EOS REBEL T3i |
Exposure time | 8/5 sec (1.6) |
F-number | f/22 |
ISO speed rating | 100 |
Date and time of data generation | 17:31, 8 June 2013 |
Lens focal length | 22 mm |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 72 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 72 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop Elements 7.0 Windows |
File change date and time | 15:28, 9 June 2013 |
Y and C positioning | Co-sited |
Exposure Program | Manual |
Exif version | 2.3 |
Date and time of digitizing | 17:31, 8 June 2013 |
Meaning of each component |
|
APEX shutter speed | −0.6875 |
APEX aperture | 9 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Flash | Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression |
DateTime subseconds | 32 |
DateTimeOriginal subseconds | 32 |
DateTimeDigitized subseconds | 32 |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Focal plane X resolution | 5,728.1767955801 |
Focal plane Y resolution | 5,808.4033613445 |
Focal plane resolution unit | inches |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Manual exposure |
White balance | Manual white balance |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Image width | 5,184 px |
Image height | 3,456 px |
Rating (out of 5) | 0 |
Date metadata was last modified | 11:28, 9 June 2013 |
IIM version | 55,883 |