File:Factory and industrial management (1891) (14781629145).jpg

Identifier: factoryindustria35newy (find matches)
Title: Factory and industrial management
Year: 1891 (1890s)
Authors:
Subjects: Engineering Factory management Industrial efficiency
Publisher: New York (etc.) McGraw-Hill (etc.)

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s. The steam economy of this unit is verymuch less than of the direct-acting type, they produce a more steadypressure, and require practically no attention or repairs. When It comes to the design of the piping, the critical point Is Inthe velocity of the water in the different parts of the system. Thisvelocity should be kept as low as Is consistent with the cost of thepiping, but In general should not run over 15 feet per second in themain lines, above say 6 Inches In diameter, and not over 8 feet persecond In the smaller pipes. It Is better to run lower velocities thanthese when practicable, and It should be considered that the head lostIn friction Increases very closely with the square of the velocity.Long-radius bends will reduce the friction by a very large amount, asthe resistance of a right-angle elbow to the flow Is very high. It hasbeen said that three elbows equal a plug, and while this Is some-what exaggerated, it rather pointedly Illustrates the effect of right-angle bends.
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892 THE COAL INDUSTRY OF GREATER NEW YORK. By Werner Boecklin. NO city in the world does a business in coal equal to that of NewYork, for in addition to the great numbers of consumers onland, from the giant power house down to the smallest store,there is the tremendous foreign and domestic floating equipmenttaking its supply from the citys coaling ports. The thirty million tons of coal shipped annually to the New Yorkseaboard come in greater part by rail, consigned to the various portslocated within the coal-handling zone. These ports are the centersof distribution whence radiate the main supply arteries, leading eitherto other small centers for redistribution to large and small consum-ers, or to large consumers direct. Of these main centers of distribu-tion, there are thirteen within the towing limits. Unloading docksare located at each one of them, and two have facilities for storing-large quantities of unloaded coal. Only certain salient features inconnection with these ports will

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