File:Factory and industrial management (1891) (14594764690).jpg

Identifier: factoryindustria35newy (find matches)
Title: Factory and industrial management
Year: 1891 (1890s)
Authors:
Subjects: Engineering Factory management Industrial efficiency
Publisher: New York (etc.) McGraw-Hill (etc.)
Contributing Library: Engineering - University of Toronto
Digitizing Sponsor: University of Toronto

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perfection,and ofTers export figures not unworthy of note. Whereas during thetwenty years ended 1880 the annual value of exports under this headaveraged but £1,000, it has now risen to about £165,000, an amountequivalent to that spent on similar articles from abroad. In no coun-try probably have magnetic instruments been used so long and withbetter effect for the discovery of ores and in preliminary exploringwork; and in this connection mention may be made of the mag-netometer and vertical power balance, constructed by Professor Tha-len, of Upsala University, and the Tiberg inclinator. A great econ-omy of shaft and gallery excavations appears to have followed thewidespread use of these instruments, and to the same cause may beattributed the excellence of Swedish mine maps and models. The marked development of the electrical industry during recentyears is the result, in large measure, of the nations enhanced appre-ciation of the wealth of natural motive power awaiting application in
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EXTERIOR AND PART OF INTERIOR OF L. M. ERICSSON & COMPANY S NEW FACTORY, STOCKHOLM. 682 INDUSTRIAL SWEDEN. 683 its peat-mosses and waterfalls. Of peat-mosses, it has been estimated,Sweden possesses 9,880,000 acres, with an average depth of 6^ feet,capable of yielding not less than 8,000,000,000 tons of peat for fuel,each ton being equivalent in heating power to two tons of coal. Onthe basis of present prices, and having regard to relative calorific val-ues, machine-made peat at the place of production is about half asdear as coal and 30 per cent cheaper than pine firewood. Its bulk,however, is considerable, which makes it a costly article to transport,and it yields as fuel a large percentage of ashes. To these disad-vantages and the ever-increasing recourse to water power must beattributed the comparatively small part which has been played by peatin recent industrial developments. What, on the other hand, is the industrial value of the energy al-ready utilised or running to waste

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