File:Early Bronze Age, Axe (FindID 263894).jpg
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[edit]Early Bronze Age: Axe | |||
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Photographer |
Birmingham Museums Trust, Peter Reavill, 2009-12-13 22:44:27 |
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Title |
Early Bronze Age: Axe |
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Description |
English: Cast copper alloy (bronze) flat axe of Early Bronze Age date (c. 2500 - 2050 BC). It is likely that this axe is complete with a distinctive flat butt; it is also very heavy for its size. This example fits best into the copper axes and early bronze axes These are dated to the Early Bronze Age of metalworking stage I-II, which corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 1-2 circa 2500- 2050 CAL. BC. The flat axe is broadly sub rectangular in plan with a splayed crescent shaped blade. In profile it is broadly lentoid, with slight tapering edges. In cross section the axe is D shaped with one edge displaying a distinctive curved (domed edge) whilst the opposite is relatively flat. It is likely that this is caused by the axe being cast in an open stone mould. The overall length is 115.5mm and the axe weighs approximately 450 grams. The butt is relatively thin having a wide flat edge; the width at the butt is 39.5mm (thickness: 3.5mm). The sides of the axe gently expand in width from the butt to the blade; in shape they are relatively straight. There is no evidence of the long edges being raised to form flanges and there is also no evidence of a median bevel (proto stop ridge). However, the axe is thickest at the mid point (13.5mm). The sides of the blade expand to produce a crescentic blade edge with a width of 68.5mm. The tips of the crescent shaped blade have been damaged through either abrasion or wear, as has the blade edge itself. A distinct blade facet is not present. There is no evidence of any form of incised or cast decoration present on any surface of the axe. The axe is a mid green brown colour with a much abraded or corroded patina. Where damage has occurred there is either a light green active corrosion or a mid brown purple coloured corrosion present. The overall condition of the axe suggests that there has been limited movement in the soil. The axehead is best described as coming from the first phases of the Early Bronze Age (or possibly even the Copper Age). The form of the axe is comparable to Type Growtown/ Milton Moss (outlined by Schmidt and Burgess p 23-24). This form is described as having a thin butt, relatively straight sides with slightly expanded cutting edge. These have a broad distribution in Wales and the Marches but are also common in England. However, this axe also has characteristics seen on other forms of early axes specifically Type Lough Ravel / Minto and some of the early Migdale axes (although these tend to have narrower butts which flare more at the cutting edge). These axes all fit within the earliest phases of metal working in Britain, metalworking stage I-II, which corresponds to Needham's (1996) Period 1-2 circa 2500- 2050 CAL. BC. This means that they are dated, broadly, to the same period as Beaker pottery, barbed and tanged flint arrowheads, copper halberds and gold lunulae. |
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Depicted place | (County of findspot) Worcestershire | ||
Date | between 2500 BC and 2050 BC | ||
Accession number |
FindID: 263894 Old ref: HESH-84D8A5 Filename: HESH-84D8A5 detail 4.jpg |
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Credit line |
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Source |
https://finds.org.uk/database/ajax/download/id/232569 Catalog: https://finds.org.uk/database/images/image/id/232569/recordtype/artefacts archive copy at the Wayback Machine Artefact: https://finds.org.uk/database/artefacts/record/id/263894 |
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Permission (Reusing this file) |
Attribution-ShareAlike License version 4.0 (verified 28 November 2020) |
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Attribution: The Portable Antiquities Scheme/ The Trustees of the British Museum
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Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
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current | 14:30, 29 January 2017 | ![]() | 3,264 × 1,176 (374 KB) | Fæ (talk | contribs) | Portable Antiquities Scheme, HESH, FindID: 263894, bronze age, page 1107, batch count 19917 |
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Camera manufacturer | Canon |
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Camera model | Canon PowerShot G9 |
Exposure time | 1/60 sec (0.016666666666667) |
F-number | f/3.2 |
ISO speed rating | 80 |
Date and time of data generation | 12:11, 24 July 2009 |
Lens focal length | 7.4 mm |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 180 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 180 dpi |
File change date and time | 12:11, 24 July 2009 |
Y and C positioning | Centered |
Exif version | 2.2 |
Date and time of digitizing | 12:11, 24 July 2009 |
Meaning of each component |
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APEX shutter speed | 5.90625 |
APEX aperture | 3.34375 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 2.96875 APEX (f/2.8) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Flash | Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Focal plane X resolution | 11,216.494845361 |
Focal plane Y resolution | 11,178.082191781 |
Focal plane resolution unit | inches |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Manual white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Scene capture type | Standard |