File:Diseases of the nervous system - a text-book of neurology and psychiatry (1915) (14596130188).jpg

Identifier: diseasesofnervo00jell (find matches)
Title: Diseases of the nervous system : a text-book of neurology and psychiatry
Year: 1915 (1910s)
Authors: Jelliffe, Smith Ely, 1866-1945 White, William A. (William Alanson), 1870-1937
Subjects: Mental Disorders Nervous System Diseases
Publisher: Philadelphia : Lea & Febiger
Contributing Library: Columbia University Libraries
Digitizing Sponsor: Open Knowledge Commons

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nounced irregularities, and electrical stimulationshows reaction of degeneration. In bilateral paralyses speech disturbances are very marked. Chew-ing and swallowing are rendered difficult, and the movements of thetongue are markedly diminished in all directions. In hysterical tongue paralyses, which are by no means uncommon, DISEASES OF THE HYPOGLOSSAL NERVES 237 resistance to passive motion of the tongue is seen. There are no elec-trical changes and speech disorder is apt to be obvious. In nuclear palsies, atrophy and fibrillary twitching are marked, thespeech disturbances are pronounced, the chief characteristic beingwhat is termed hot-potato speech. The patient speaks as thoughhe had a hot morsel in his mouth. Reaction of degeneration is alsopresent. Supranuclear palsies, such as occur in hemiplegia, involvethe muscles as a whole, cause deviation of the tongue to the paralyzedside, and other signs of hemiplegia are present. Isolated corticalspasm of the hypoglossal may be present.
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Fig. 120.—Atrophy of right half of tongue. Cerebral syphilis and injury. Psychogenetic hypoglossal disturbances are by no means rare.These consist of tongue tics, of constant tongue movements, suchas are seen in hysterias, in patients with dementia precox, compulsionneurosis, and in various paranoid types of thinking. Treatment of hypoglossal disturbances varies according to the causeand is usually purely symptomatic. Speech Disturbances.—Human expression, articulatory, mimetic,tactile, or by writing, is a highly complicated mechanism. It includesall of those movements resulting from optical, auditory, or tactilecontacts by which communication between individuals is broughtabout for social purposes. Language as it fully develops is, therefore,a tool with which one may cut into reality and utilize the facts of 238 SENSORI-MOTOR NEUROLOGY—CRANIAL NERVES nature for ultimate adaptation. Thus, all speech disturbances may bedivided into those in which the receptive (sensory) side of t

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