File:Diamonds phosphorescing (Zaire) (17987449601).jpg
![File:Diamonds phosphorescing (Zaire) (17987449601).jpg](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/74/Diamonds_phosphorescing_%28Zaire%29_%2817987449601%29.jpg/800px-Diamonds_phosphorescing_%28Zaire%29_%2817987449601%29.jpg?20191130164744)
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Summary
[edit]DescriptionDiamonds phosphorescing (Zaire) (17987449601).jpg |
Phosphorescing diamonds from Zaire ("D.R. Congo"). (crystals are ~1 to 1.5 millimeters in size) A mineral is a naturally-occurring, solid, inorganic, crystalline substance having a fairly definite chemical composition and having fairly definite physical properties. At its simplest, a mineral is a naturally-occurring solid chemical. Currently, there are about 5400 named and described minerals - about 200 of them are common and about 20 of them are very common. Mineral classification is based on anion chemistry. Major categories of minerals are: elements, sulfides, oxides, halides, carbonates, sulfates, phosphates, and silicates. Elements are fundamental substances of matter - matter that is composed of the same types of atoms. At present, 118 elements are known (four of them are still unnamed). Of these, 98 occur naturally on Earth (hydrogen to californium). Most of these occur in rocks & minerals, although some occur in very small, trace amounts. Only some elements occur in their native elemental state as minerals. To find a native element in nature, it must be relatively non-reactive and there must be some concentration process. Metallic, semimetallic (metalloid), and nonmetallic elements are known in their native state. The element carbon occurs principally in its native state as graphite (C) and diamond (C). Graphite is the common & far less valuable polymorph of carbon. A scarce polymorph of carbon is diamond. The physical properties of diamond and graphite couldn’t be more different, considering they have the same chemistry. Diamond has a nonmetallic, adamantine luster, typically occurs in cubic or octahedral (double-pyramid) crystals, or subspherical to irregularly-shaped masses, and is extremely hard (H≡10). Diamonds can be almost any color, but are typically clearish, grayish, or yellowish. Many diamonds are noticeably fluorescent under black light (ultraviolet light), but the color and intensity of fluorescence varies. Some diamonds are phosphorescent - under certain conditions, they glow for a short interval on their own. Very rarely, diamond is a rock-forming mineral (see diamondite - <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/jsjgeology/14618393527">www.flickr.com/photos/jsjgeology/14618393527</a>). The African diamonds shown above are yellow under white light and glow magenta or green under black light (ultraviolet light; UV). This photo was taken just after a UV light was turned off - no external light source is present. The soft glowing green color is phosphorescence. |
Date | |
Source | Diamonds phosphorescing (Zaire) |
Author | James St. John |
Licensing
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by James St. John at https://flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/17987449601 (archive). It was reviewed on 30 November 2019 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
30 November 2019
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current | 16:47, 30 November 2019 | ![]() | 2,649 × 1,588 (2.57 MB) | Ser Amantio di Nicolao (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr via #flickr2commons |
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Camera manufacturer | NIKON CORPORATION |
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Camera model | NIKON D70s |
Exposure time | 171/10 sec (17.1) |
F-number | f/11 |
ISO speed rating | 1,600 |
Date and time of data generation | 21:17, 2 May 2008 |
Lens focal length | 105 mm |
Width | 3,008 px |
Height | 2,000 px |
Bits per component |
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Pixel composition | RGB |
Orientation | Normal |
Number of components | 3 |
Horizontal resolution | 300 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 300 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop Elements 13.0 (Macintosh) |
File change date and time | 19:28, 22 May 2015 |
Y and C positioning | Co-sited |
Exposure Program | Manual |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 21:17, 2 May 2008 |
Meaning of each component |
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Image compression mode | 4 |
APEX shutter speed | −4.087463 |
APEX aperture | 6.918863 |
APEX exposure bias | 2 |
Maximum land aperture | 3.8 APEX (f/3.73) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Light source | Unknown |
Flash | Flash did not fire |
DateTime subseconds | 80 |
DateTimeOriginal subseconds | 80 |
DateTimeDigitized subseconds | 80 |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Scene type | A directly photographed image |
Custom image processing | Custom process |
Exposure mode | Manual exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 157 mm |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Scene control | Low gain up |
Contrast | Normal |
Saturation | Normal |
Sharpness | Normal |
Subject distance range | Unknown |
Serial number of camera | 1004a0cc |
Lens used | 105.0 mm f/2.8 |
Date metadata was last modified | 13:28, 22 May 2015 |
Unique ID of original document | E66F82BFE2EC6A21B7617373561B0789 |