File:Diamond in kimberlite (Precambrian; South Africa) (18035701776).jpg
![File:Diamond in kimberlite (Precambrian; South Africa) (18035701776).jpg](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/9/9f/Diamond_in_kimberlite_%28Precambrian%3B_South_Africa%29_%2818035701776%29.jpg/748px-Diamond_in_kimberlite_%28Precambrian%3B_South_Africa%29_%2818035701776%29.jpg?20191130164945)
Original file (2,134 × 1,711 pixels, file size: 3.24 MB, MIME type: image/jpeg)
Captions
Captions
Summary
[edit]DescriptionDiamond in kimberlite (Precambrian; South Africa) (18035701776).jpg |
Diamond in kimberlite from the Precambrian of South Africa. (public display, Montana Bureau of Mines and Geology Mineral Museum, Butte, Montana, USA) A mineral is a naturally-occurring, solid, inorganic, crystalline substance having a fairly definite chemical composition and having fairly definite physical properties. At its simplest, a mineral is a naturally-occurring solid chemical. Currently, there are over 5200 named and described minerals - about 200 of them are common and about 20 of them are very common. Mineral classification is based on anion chemistry. Major categories of minerals are: elements, sulfides, oxides, halides, carbonates, sulfates, phosphates, and silicates. Elements are fundamental substances of matter - matter that is composed of the same types of atoms. At present, 118 elements are known (four of them are still unnamed). Of these, 98 occur naturally on Earth (hydrogen to californium). Most of these occur in rocks & minerals, although some occur in very small, trace amounts. Only some elements occur in their native elemental state as minerals. To find a native element in nature, it must be relatively non-reactive and there must be some concentration process. Metallic, semimetallic (metalloid), and nonmetallic elements are known in their native state. The element carbon occurs principally in its native state as graphite (C) and diamond (C). Graphite is the common & far less valuable polymorph of carbon. A scarce polymorph of carbon is diamond. The physical properties of diamond and graphite couldn’t be more different, considering they have the same chemistry. Diamond has a nonmetallic, adamantine luster, typically occurs in cubic or octahedral (double-pyramid) crystals, or subspherical to irregularly-shaped masses, and is extremely hard (H≡10). Diamonds can be almost any color, but are typically clearish, grayish, or yellowish. Many diamonds are noticeably fluorescent under black light (ultraviolet light), but the color and intensity of fluorescence varies. Some diamonds are phosphorescent - under certain conditions, they glow for a short interval on their own. Very rarely, diamond is a rock-forming mineral (see diamondite - <a href="https://www.flickr.com/photos/jsjgeology/14618393527">www.flickr.com/photos/jsjgeology/14618393527</a>). The above specimen is a very rare, ultramafic igneous rock called kimberlite, which is the ultimate host rock for most diamonds. Kimberlites are unusual igneous bodies having overall pipe-shaped geometries. Their mode of formation is only moderately understood because they have not been observed forming. Kimberlites are known from scattered localities throughout the world - only some are significantly diamondiferous. Classic localities for diamonds are India and Brazil. Africa was also discovered to have many kimberlites and is world-famous for producing large numbers of diamonds. Other notable diamondiferous kimberlite occurrences include Russia, China, and northwestern Canada. Kimberlites are named for the town of Kimberley, South Africa. Several kimberlite pipes occur in the Kimberley area. Kimberlites have a gently tapering-downward, pipe-shaped cross-section, somewhat like a carrot. |
Date | |
Source | Diamond in kimberlite (Precambrian; South Africa) |
Author | James St. John |
Licensing
[edit]![w:en:Creative Commons](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/7/79/CC_some_rights_reserved.svg/90px-CC_some_rights_reserved.svg.png)
![attribution](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/1/11/Cc-by_new_white.svg/24px-Cc-by_new_white.svg.png)
- You are free:
- to share – to copy, distribute and transmit the work
- to remix – to adapt the work
- Under the following conditions:
- attribution – You must give appropriate credit, provide a link to the license, and indicate if changes were made. You may do so in any reasonable manner, but not in any way that suggests the licensor endorses you or your use.
![]() |
This image was originally posted to Flickr by James St. John at https://flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/18035701776 (archive). It was reviewed on 30 November 2019 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
30 November 2019
File history
Click on a date/time to view the file as it appeared at that time.
Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
current | 16:49, 30 November 2019 | ![]() | 2,134 × 1,711 (3.24 MB) | Ser Amantio di Nicolao (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr via #flickr2commons |
You cannot overwrite this file.
File usage on Commons
The following page uses this file:
Metadata
This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong.
Camera manufacturer | Canon |
---|---|
Camera model | Canon PowerShot D10 |
Exposure time | 1/60 sec (0.016666666666667) |
F-number | f/4.9 |
ISO speed rating | 250 |
Date and time of data generation | 11:39, 11 August 2010 |
Lens focal length | 18.6 mm |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 180 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 180 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop Elements 13.0 (Macintosh) |
File change date and time | 20:23, 24 May 2015 |
Y and C positioning | Centered |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 11:39, 11 August 2010 |
Meaning of each component |
|
APEX shutter speed | 5.9068905902692 |
APEX aperture | 4.5855635130041 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 4.5855635130041 APEX (f/4.9) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Flash | Flash fired, auto mode, red-eye reduction mode |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Focal plane X resolution | 16,460.905405405 |
Focal plane Y resolution | 16,483.516483516 |
Focal plane resolution unit | inches |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Lens used | 6.2-18.6 mm |
Date metadata was last modified | 15:23, 24 May 2015 |
Unique ID of original document | FED6BF7D69EDB518218ADF3B6A98B71A |