File:Cynodont maxillary canals.jpg

English: Evolution of the maxillary canal in Probainognathia according to the framework proposed by Benoit et al. (2020). The numbers indicate the character/state changes (see main text). Sources: Pseudotherium (after Wallace et al., 2019), Prozostrodon, Therioherpeton (after Kerber, Roese-Miron, et al., 2024), Riograndia (this work), and other cynodonts from Benoit et al. (2020). Structures identified in Pseudotherium, Prozostrodon, and Therioherpeton are identified following the pattern of prozostrodonts by Benoit et al. (2020), especially Brasilodon. Cac, caudal alveolar foramen; enc, external nasal canal; inc, internal nasal canal; ioc, infraorbital canal; iof, infraorbital foramen; lac, lacrimal canal; mac, middle alveolar canal; mr, maxillary recess; rac, rostral alveolar canal; raf, rostral alveolar foramen; slc, superior labial canal.