File:Cyclopedia of American horticulture - comprising suggestions for cultivation of horticultural plants, descriptions of the species of fruits, vegetables, flowers, and ornamental plants sold in the (20814281672).jpg

Title: Cyclopedia of American horticulture : comprising suggestions for cultivation of horticultural plants, descriptions of the species of fruits, vegetables, flowers, and ornamental plants sold in the United States and Canada, together with geographical and biographical sketches
Identifier: cyclopediaofame02bail (find matches)
Year: 1906 (1900s)
Authors: Bailey, L. H. (Liberty Hyde), 1858-1954; Miller, Wilhelm, 1869-
Subjects: Gardening; Horticulture; Horticulture; Horticulture
Publisher: New York : Macmillan
Contributing Library: NCSU Libraries
Digitizing Sponsor: NCSU Libraries

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Double Red: Bouquet Tendre. Crimson. Noble par Merite. Deep ros3. ^ Single Lilac: Haydn. Lilac-mauve. Single Yellow ; Ida. Pure yellow. King of the Yellows. Deep yellow. Double Yellow: Goethe. Bright yellow. Miniature Hyacinths, or "Dutch Romans," are small- sized bulbs of the ordinary Dutch Hyacinths. They are excellent for growing in groups in bowls, pans or flats, planted close together and treated just like the large Hyacinths when grown in pots. Culture in Olasses. —Some of the single Hyacinths may be grown very satisfactorily in water. Special glasses for the purpose can be bought from the seeds- men. They should be filled with pure water and the bulb so placed that its base barely touches the water. They are stored in a dark, cold closet or cellar till the roots arp .If.vi-K.j.cd, niid then brought in to the light. n. -iiuition and a temperature of about iiid will insure the best results, kipt filled by adding water occa- i^;iiii..l. The following varieties are es- An Mina. Pure whtte. L'Innooence. Pure white. Von Schiller. Dark red. Grand Lilas. Light blue. Charles Diokens. Blue. Baron van Thuyll. Deep blue. Mr. PUmsoU. Pine blush. Obelisque. Yellow. Moreno. Deep rose. Sir. Wm. Mansfield. Mauve. Roman ffyacinths. —Instead of one large truss from each bulb, the Roman Hyacinth produces three or four smaller but more graceful flower-spikes. The bulbs ar- rive in America in August, and by successive pottings they may be had in flower from November till May. They require the same forcing treatment as the larger Hyacinths, but three or four bulbs may be planted in a pot. The florists use wooden flats instead of pots, set- ting the bulbs close together, 40 or 50 in a flat. By rea- son of its beauty and t^xipiisiir tr:ii::r;inre. its earliness and easy culture, the wliiir I.miiiuti H\ :i'iiith is the most popular of our winter-t'liN'nun^^ plarit^. Several mil- lions of these bulbs art- ht'iwu :nuni:iliy by the flori.sts of our large cities for winter cut-dowers. The Propagation of Hyacinths.—V^ith the exception of the Roman Hyacinths (which come from the south of France), the world's supply of Hyacinth bulbs is pro- duced in Holland. The soil and climate of that country seem to be peculiarly suitable for bulb-growing, which has been one of the leading industries there for 200 years. The bulbs intended for next year's market are planted in October in carefully proprirod, richly manured land, and protected overwinter by :i thick coviring of reed or litter. The flowers are cut hImh in full l.loom in the spring. By July the bulbs arc fully ri;iiiii-d, and Hyacinth are taken out of the ground by hand, dried, cleaned and assorted into three grades of quality, according to size Early in August they are ready for shipping. Over- grown or unshapely bulbs are reserved for propagating. As soon as these are taken out of the ground, three deep cross cuts are made with a sharp knife in the bot- tom of each bulb. They are then set out, bottom up- wards, and covered with loose soil for two or three weeks, during which time the cuts open out and the wounds are healed. They are then taken up and kept spread out on tables in storehouses till October, when they are planted out. When lifted next June nothing of the parent bulb remains but dry skins, on the edges of which from 20 to 30 offsets are fastened. These bulb- lets are picked off by hand and planted out in the fall, just like large bulbs. This process of planting in fall and taking up in summer for a two months' rest is re- peated for four or five years, till the bulbs have attained to marketable size. Another method of propagating is to hollow out the bottom of the bulb smoothly to a point in the center. More offsets are obtained in this way, but they are smaller and take a year or two longer to reach maturity. New varieties are obtained from seed, but such a de- gree of perfection in form and color has already been obtained that it is seldom a seedling is produced that proves superior to existing varieties of the same color. Some new varieties are obtained by encouraging any tendency to change of color or form which may be shown by the standard sorts. In this way the single blue Charles Dickens has been changed to single red and to double blue, and again, very recently, to double red, till we have four varieties named Charles Dickens. Last year's catalogue of a reliable Dutch grower con- tains ;)40 named Hyacinths, j. m. TnORBnBN & Co. HYBKIDS are the products cf crossing between spe- cies. Of late, the word Hybrid has been used by some writers to comprise all crosses, whether between species or varieties. The justification of this usage is the fact that there are no hard and fast lines between varieties and species, and therefore that hybridism in the old sense is incapable of exact delimitation. The opponents to this usage, however, contend that so long as it is cus- tomary to speak of species and varieties as different classificatory categories, it is equally allowable and use- ful to speak of Hybrids as between species and of cross- breeds as between varieties ; moreover, historical cus- tom favors this usage. Common-language terms rarely if ever express absolute or ideal truth: they grow up by custom. Whenever new ideas and discoveries render them inexact, it may be quite as well to invent new terms as to give new and technical meanings to old terms which are thoroughly established in litera- ture. The word Hybrid has always been a specific term, and it were a pity now to make it a generic one, particularly since there is a well established generic term. The generic word, both substantive and verb, is cross. Specific kinds of crosses are Hybrids, between species; cross-breeds, between plants of the same spe- cies ; half-hybrid, between a species and a variety of another species ; bigener, between plants of different

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