File:Crystodyne oscillator circuit.png
Crystodyne_oscillator_circuit.png (636 × 391 pixels, file size: 10 KB, MIME type: image/png)
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Summary
[edit]DescriptionCrystodyne oscillator circuit.png |
English: Schematic diagram of a "Crystodyne" negative resistance zinc oxide point-contact diode oscillator invented by Russian scientist Oleg Losev in 1923, published in an American radio magazine. Losev used zinc oxide diodes to build the first semiconductor amplifiers and negative resistance devices, which he used to construct solid state radio transmitters and regenerative and superheterodyne radio receivers, 25 years before the invention of the transistor. However Losev's achievements were overlooked because of the popularity of vacuum tube technology, and were forgotten until they were rediscovered in recent decades. This is the schematic diagram of the oscillator shown in Crystodyne zincite oscillator - top.png and Crystodyne zincite oscillator - side.png, built by Hugo Gernsback in New York to Losev's instructions. It can produce radio frequency output up to a few megahertz. The active device is the "cat's whisker" diode D, consisting of a crystal of zincite (zinc oxide) with its surface lightly touched by a steel wire on an adjustable arm. It is biased into its negative resistance region by a DC voltage of 4 - 30 volts applied by battery B and potentiometer R. The negative resistance of the diode excites oscillation in the series tuned circuit, consisting of capacitor C1 and variometer inductor L1. Before operation, a sensitive contact point must be found on the surface of the crystal. To do this switch K is turned to the upper position, which switches a second tuned circuit in, L2 and C2 which oscillates at audio frequency. The wire is dragged across the surface of the zincite crystal until a tone is heard in the earphones, indicating the oscillator is working. Then switch K is turned back to the lower position, switching the RF tuned circuit in. The component values from the source are R = 3 kΩ, L1 = 5 mH, C1 = 10 pF, L2 = 1 H, C2 = 2 mF. With these values the frequency of oscillation is approximately |
Date | |
Source | Retrieved August 20, 2014 from "The Crystodyne Principle" in Radio News magazine, published by Experimenter Publications, Inc., New York, Vol. 6, No. 3, September 1924, p. 294, fig. 1 archived on American Radio History website |
Author | Hugo Gernsback |
Permission (Reusing this file) |
This 1924 issue of Radio News magazine would have the copyright renewed in 1952. Online page scans of the Catalog of Copyright Entries, published by the US Copyright Office can be found here. [1] Search of the Renewals for Periodicals for 1951, 1952 and 1953 show no renewal entries for Radio News. Therefore the copyright was not renewed and it is in the public domain. |
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[edit]Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse |
This work is in the public domain because it was published in the United States between 1929 and 1963, and although there may or may not have been a copyright notice, the copyright was not renewed. For further explanation, see Commons:Hirtle chart and the copyright renewal logs.
Note that it may still be copyrighted in jurisdictions that do not apply the rule of the shorter term for US works (depending on the date of the author's death), such as Canada (70 years p.m.a.), Mainland China (50 years p.m.a., not Hong Kong or Macao), Germany (70 years p.m.a.), Mexico (100 years p.m.a.), Switzerland (70 years p.m.a.), and other countries with individual treaties. العربية ∙ Deutsch ∙ English ∙ español ∙ français ∙ galego ∙ italiano ∙ 日本語 ∙ 한국어 ∙ македонски ∙ português ∙ português do Brasil ∙ русский ∙ sicilianu ∙ slovenščina ∙ українська ∙ 简体中文 ∙ 繁體中文 ∙ +/− |
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File change date and time | 17:46, 6 September 2014 |