File:Contributions from the Botanical Laboratory and the Morris Arboretum of the University of Pennsylvania, vol. 13 (1934) (20067381593).jpg

Title: Contributions from the Botanical Laboratory and the Morris Arboretum of the University of Pennsylvania, vol. 13
Identifier: contributionsfro13univ (find matches)
Year: 1934 (1930s)
Authors: University of Pennsylvania. Botanical Laboratory; University of Pennsylvania. Morris Arboretum
Subjects: Botany; Botany
Publisher: Philadelphia : (s. n. )
Contributing Library: Penn State University
Digitizing Sponsor: Lyrasis Members and Sloan Foundation

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Oct.. 19.U. 1 BOKSJIOKK AND (iKAV- -TOUHKVA ANTKilA 5-J7 hMl. 1. Alan. .<..!inha: n.,lc chiHi^n. Iron. >i.nny: to ' ..clioM of V. anlKiua showinir a li\ c-lMycica liny; ol suiimu'i wood. â I iji. a. Tlâ a^â¢"^^ ... -"'â¢- ^ o m howin.^ howm. .,. a u^k n--F... 10 â T ,...nlial mH.ou of V. .,,.1.,..,; unU- ,.;.nv.l n-11-^ ... .uo ol ihr wonl.iva p.U on .anu.n.ial a. .hi a> .a.i.al wans ,., ,radi.âls.-lM. I.>. Tanncnlial si-ction of 7' s arc d.slant 1-lS rows ifi>l:(i, where they arc l-oO i( radial lenjith of the ray 11 the Icimih- in e.ther taxi- Radial section of T. uhIhjuu showing nature ol woo J j-ay^.âFig. 14. Tranisverso sec lion of spring wood of T. «/t//V/aa. line, in rcjiiilar rows, with occasional irregular rows. '1 he diameter of the lun.ina in the .s))rin<i' wood vanes from s-o') micions in t<Lv'ijt))iti and from lS-41.' microns in caijoniica. d he walls of the tracdicids avei'a'ic ahout -eis of tra(di- eids, ))as-es :d»ni))tl\- into the sprinji wood, wliile in (â (ihforn.cii theie are -7 layers of traidieids and the transjJMi to s))riim' wood is gradual. The walls of the tiacheids m the summer wood average N iiLcons in hoth sp,ecies. The wooil rays are distant l-MU row- of tra(dieids in taxijolUi and 1-lS rows in ralifornicii. Leiinth of ray cells 70-21.') microns in taxifoL'd: lla-^S') microns in cnlifornlca. Hadiai..â"Ihe wood rays -die witlio.it tracheids in both sjiecies. Tlio terminal walls of the ray cells are l;olh straiiiht and cur\-el in tax fold and jicnerally straijiht Imt .sometimes jilacod ohlicniely in atijont'ca: torniJial walls are thin in hoth sj.ocies. The upper and lower walls of the ray cells are also thin in hoth sjiecies. Th.e lateral walls have 2-') sihmII pits j.er tra(dieid in inxjolUi and l-t» i)its j.er tracheid in (â (illfttniicti. The honlered ))its of lr:i(die;ds u-.idly occur in only one sor.e- l»ut occasionally may l;e found in two series in hoth tnx'j(tl'(i and mlllant'cd: they are circular in outline and rather close in tdx!- fol'd hut are elliptical ami scjinewh.it distant in r(;lif(t))uca. Ta.\«;k\tial. â The wood rays are 1-21 cells in heulit in t(iX'i(fl'a, and 1-17 cells in (-(djitrn'irn (liii. 7. !h. In lioth species the cells are oval or ()l)Ion'^ 'idle tracheids averaiic ahout 2.."-» or 2.4 mm. in leii'ith in t(tx.joi(i: in rdl'fofnirn they varv from l.ti to o.S mm. in Ieny:'h. in hoth specic^s the ho'-deved jiits are (di:efl\- on the radial walls of traidieids, hut are occasionally found on fan'zential walls. The sjiirals of the traidieids are 1-2 (mostly 2) ser'es in tdX'fol'a whereas in rni'c<i they occur in 2-7) .series. In tdxifolin the sj)ira;s are placed at slightly Ie. to the loniritudinal axis of the tratdieids; in ((if htmica they rouixhiy api)roxiniate an aiijile of 47) . ('oiiiiKinsoii nj T.fnibf/ud irth 7'. tax fohd oiul T. lud joniicd Ti(A\svi:i(sK.âfirowth rinjrs are more conspicuous in hoth t(ixif(»l'(i and cidijitni'icd than in antifiua, the summer wood of the latter often consistinj; of only (»ne n»w of tra<dieids (liir. ')). In all three species the tra(dieids are scpiarish in outline; the average diameter of the lumina of nfitif/iui is greater than the diameter of the lumina of the other two s))ecies. The tra(dieid walls of the fossil are thicker than those of tile liviiijr species, luit this may sinii)Iy he due to the fossilization process. In the numher of layers of tracheids comprisin«r the summer wood, anti(/un, with 1-7) rows of tra(dieids .and an ahrui)t ehanire from s;)rin<j: to summer wood, more nearly ai)proximates tnxifoliti than (nhfonncn, since the hitter snecies i,ns-('v^(v< il-7 I.i\ei- of tracheids in the .-.immer wood and the tr.ii.sifion from sprinii to sum- is re\iewed. and all the i have wood rays devoid of tiacue.ds. 'ihe leim nil walls of the ray cells are j;ene-aily sl.aijihl in iii'(jid as compared with the .-i.a.<iiil or c.irved le.in.nil walls of tdxifol'd and ihe s,ia.<ilit or ohrunic w ills of cdlifdnilcd.. Pits I.etween ia.\- cells and iraiheids \ar.\- from 2-4 jier ti'aciie.d in diii (/ua, '2-') pe- tracdieid in tdx'ijolht, and 1-1) per tiacdieid in nil joniicd. Bordered j.its on tiatdieal walls are circular in (Uitiqud and tdxifolid and ellii-tical and somewhat distant in CdiijoDi'iCd. Ta.\(;i:ntial.âWood rays vary from 1-21 cells in he.jiht in dntif/ud and taxfolid, wdiile in cdlifonilcd lliey vary from 1-17 cells in heiy;ht. Bi.seriate rays oi'cui" much more fre(;uenily in dNt.'((dd than in either idxijind (),⢠cdl joniicd. Sjiiral thi(d<:eniiiii;s occur with 2-4 (usually 4; .series in (iiiti<jHd as compared with 1-2 series in tdx'fot'a and 2--7) .series in cdlifonilcd. 'Ihe aiiff.e of insertion of .-j.iral thickeninjis is ahout the .same (ai)proximatel\ 4.") ) in antirjud and cdll- (ornicd, wdiile in tdxiiol'ii it more nearly approacdies a rijilit aiisile. Tlie spiral thickeninjis are wider in nnt'(/ud than are those oi the otlier two si)ecies; however, this may al-o he due to the fossilization proce.ss. T. <uiti(ji(d lias .some cli.iracteristics in common with T. tdxIfolid as well as with '/'. <;mknts.- '1 he authors are indebted to Dr. Rodney II. 'I'rue, (ha rman of tiie l)ei)artinent of Botan.\', for sccuriim irinidini; apj.aratus used in the preparation of material: to Dr. IM(rar 'l\ Wherry, i'niversity of Bennsylvaiiia, for tiie s))ecimen of fossil Torre!id here d.secribed. 'I'liey also wisii to thank Dr. Herman Kurz, Florida State Colleire for Women, and Dr. W. L. .lepson. T'niversity of California, for sjK'ciniens of T. tdxijolm iinl T. cdlifornird. This in- vestijiation was aided in part by a Faculty Ke.seandi irrant from the rniyer-ity of IVnnsylvania to tlie senior author. cp,!' iteil areas. The literature concerned with di>tiil

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