File:Columbia River at Washington-Oregon Border (1291998560).jpg
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[edit]DescriptionColumbia River at Washington-Oregon Border (1291998560).jpg |
Cascade Locks, Oregon and Stevenson, Washington, the county seat of Skamania County, with the Columbia River in the middle. The Columbia River is the largest river in the Pacific Northwest region of North America. The river rises in the Rocky Mountains of British Columbia, Canada. It flows northwest and then south into the US state of Washington, then turns west to form most of the border between Washington and the state of Oregon before emptying into the Pacific Ocean. The river is 1,243 miles (2,000 km) long, and its largest tributary is the Snake River. Its drainage basin is roughly the size of France and extends into seven U.S. states and a Canadian province. By volume, the Columbia is the fourth-largest river in the United States; it has the greatest flow of any North American river draining into the Pacific. The river's heavy flow and its relatively steep gradient gives it tremendous potential for the generation of electricity. The 14 hydroelectric dams on the Columbia's main stem and many more on its tributaries produce more hydroelectric power than those of any other North American river. The Columbia and its tributaries have been central to the region's culture and economy for thousands of years. They have been used for transportation since ancient times, linking the many cultural groups of the region. The river system hosts many species of anadromous fish, which migrate between freshwater habitats and the saline Pacific Ocean. These fish—especially the salmon species—provided the core subsistence for natives; in past centuries, traders from across western North America traveled to the Columbia to trade for fish. In the late 18th century, a private American ship became the first non-indigenous vessel to enter the river; it was followed by a British explorer, who navigated past the Oregon Coast Range into the Willamette Valley. In the following decades, fur trading companies used the Columbia as a key transportation route. Overland explorers entered the Willamette Valley through the scenic but treacherous Columbia River Gorge, and pioneers began to settle the valley in increasing numbers, following both routes to enter it. Steamships along the river linked communities and facilitated trade; the arrival of railroads in the late 19th century, many running along the river, supplemented these links. Since the late 19th century, public and private sectors have heavily developed the river. The development, commonly referred to as taming or harnessing of the river, has been massive and multi-faceted. To aid ship and barge navigation, locks have been built along the lower Columbia and its tributaries, and dredging has opened, maintained, and enlarged shipping channels. Since the early 20th century, dams have been built across the river for the purposes of power generation, navigation, irrigation, and flood control. Today, a dam-impounded reservoir lies along nearly every U.S. mile of the once free-flowing river, and much of the Canadian stretch has been impounded as well. Production of nuclear power has taken place at two sites along the river. Plutonium for nuclear weapons was produced for decades at the Hanford Site, which is now the most contaminated nuclear site in the U.S. All these developments have had a tremendous impact on river environments, perhaps most notably through industrial pollution and barriers to fish migration. en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Columbia_River en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wikipedia:Text_of_Creative_Commons_... |
Date | |
Source | Columbia River at Washington-Oregon Border |
Author | Ken Lund from Reno, Nevada, USA |
Camera location | 45° 40′ 47.28″ N, 121° 52′ 49.88″ W | View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMap | 45.679799; -121.880521 |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by Ken Lund at https://flickr.com/photos/75683070@N00/1291998560. It was reviewed on 3 December 2015 by FlickreviewR and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-sa-2.0. |
3 December 2015
Annotations InfoField | This image is annotated: View the annotations at Commons |
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current | 21:53, 3 December 2015 | 1,600 × 1,200 (178 KB) | INeverCry (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr via Flickr2Commons |
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Camera manufacturer | Canon |
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Camera model | Canon PowerShot A540 |
Exposure time | 1/500 sec (0.002) |
F-number | f/5 |
Date and time of data generation | 10:15, 25 August 2007 |
Lens focal length | 18.353 mm |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 180 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 180 dpi |
File change date and time | 10:15, 25 August 2007 |
Y and C positioning | Centered |
Exif version | 2.2 |
Date and time of digitizing | 10:15, 25 August 2007 |
Meaning of each component |
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Image compression mode | 5 |
APEX shutter speed | 8.96875 |
APEX aperture | 4.65625 |
APEX exposure bias | −0.66666666666667 |
Maximum land aperture | 4.65625 APEX (f/5.02) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Flash | Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression, red-eye reduction mode |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Focal plane X resolution | 12,515.555555556 |
Focal plane Y resolution | 12,497.041420118 |
Focal plane resolution unit | inches |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Manual exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Scene capture type | Landscape |