File:Colorado 13 small.jpg
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Summary
[edit]DescriptionColorado 13 small.jpg |
English: Lit LED in-pavement Raised Pavement Markings (RPMs), help improve road safety, as they are more generally visible than reflective RPM markings as they are internally lit and don’t require headlights to show up. And, whilst the RPMs are usually raised, being so visible, in snowplow areas, these types of RPMs can be installed flush-mounted within the pavement so that they completely avoid the snowplows.
There are a number of types, ranging from a single LED point source RPMs, with limited daytime visibilities, (road studs), to multi-LED linear type RPMs, visible in all full sunlight and nighttime applications. Some lit RPMs can be visible and useful in both bright sunlight as well as nighttime applications, whilst others are only visible at nighttime or in low light applications. One of the key differences between these types is that lit linear RPMs, being linear, each lit unit provides both positional and directional guidance to viewers. For single-point source viewer directional guidance, a number of these units must all be viewed at the same time. In severe weather, such as fog or snow whiteouts, this may not be possible. Therefore, as each linear visual aid provides both positional and directional guidance, this type is more helpful as in a wider variety of weather conditions and light conditions. Some lit linear visual aids / RPMs, melt snow, without needing any additional heating elements, as such, these types or self-cleaning RPMs are more energy-efficient compared to those that need additional heating elements to melt snow so are NOT self-cleaning. Linear visual aids are also more useful since they can be used for creating in-pavement signs and messages such as lit merge arrows. Whilst point source RPMs could be used for such signage, in practice, because they are installed so close together and much deeper within the pavement compared to linear RPMs, such usage would tend to damage the road, especially within the asphalt roads. |
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Source | Own work |
Author | Nicholas4369 |
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current | 18:16, 11 April 2022 | ![]() | 733 × 1,306 (44 KB) | Nicholas4369 (talk | contribs) | Uploaded own work with UploadWizard |
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Metadata
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Camera manufacturer | Canon |
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Camera model | Canon PowerShot A720 IS |
Exposure time | 1/8 sec (0.125) |
F-number | f/2.8 |
ISO speed rating | 200 |
Date and time of data generation | 00:01, 1 January 1980 |
Lens focal length | 5.8 mm |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 180 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 180 dpi |
Software used | ACD Systems Digital Imaging |
File change date and time | 16:22, 28 October 2009 |
Y and C positioning | Centered |
Exif version | 2.2 |
Date and time of digitizing | 00:01, 1 January 1980 |
Meaning of each component |
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Image compression mode | 5 |
APEX shutter speed | 3 |
APEX aperture | 2.96875 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 2.96875 APEX (f/2.8) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Flash | Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression |
DateTime subseconds | 343 |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Focal plane X resolution | 14,506.666666667 |
Focal plane Y resolution | 10,840.236686391 |
Focal plane resolution unit | inches |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |