File:Collier's new encyclopedia - a loose-leaf and self-revising reference work with 515 illustrations and ninety-six maps (1921) (14597515748).jpg

Identifier: colliersnewencyc01newy (find matches)
Title: Collier's new encyclopedia : a loose-leaf and self-revising reference work ... with 515 illustrations and ninety-six maps
Year: 1921 (1920s)
Authors:
Subjects: Encyclopedias and dictionaries
Publisher: New York : P. F. Collier
Contributing Library: University of California Libraries
Digitizing Sponsor: Internet Archive

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ovements, while he wasdebarred from doing the same thingin return. Planes were constructed witharmored protection to ward off the enemybullets. Sometimes, instead of fightingwith aerial competitors, a daring aviatorwould swoop down near the ground andrain machine-gun bullets on a marchingdetachment of the foe. The keen rivalrybetween the aerial enemies stimulatedthe invention of devices that wouldincrease the effectiveness of the service.Chief among these was the wirelesstelephone, that enabled the aviator to AERONAUTICS 50 AERONAUTICS keep within speaking radius of his com-mander in the air and his ground station.At the beginning of the war, aerialsupremacy resided with the Germans,but as the conflict progressed it graduallyswung to the side of the Allies, so that largely at the mercy of wind and weather,and offered too great a target for anti-aircraft guns and the hosts of planesthat rose in the air like a swarm ofwasps to attack the huge craft withbombs and ncendiary bullets. Grad-
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AN AIRPLANE MACHINE GUN, SYNCHRONIZED WITH THE PROPELLER when the armistice was signed theyhad an overwhelming superiority in menand machines. Far overshadowing this phase of aerialwarfare, however, was the bombingmachine. These were first developed andused on a large scale by the Germans.The dropping of bombs on fortifiedplaces came well within the spirit of thearticles of war. But Germany wentfurther and dropped them upon thehelpless civilian population of Paris,London,, and other cities. The claim thatthese were fortified towns in theaccepted meaning of the word wasmerely a pretext. Not even hospitalswere spared in the savage warfare sheadopted. The design was not merelyto inflict a certain number of casualties,which after all could not be considerable,compared with the whole population, butshake the nerves and weaken the moraleof the people back of the firing line. Howgreatly they failed of this effect is nowa matter of history. At first, Germanyrelied for this work chiefly on her

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