File:Coffea.jpg
Original file (3,072 × 2,304 pixels, file size: 2.63 MB, MIME type: image/jpeg)
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Summary
[edit]This file has been superseded by Coffea canephora 1 at Aanakkulam.jpg. It is recommended to use the other file. Please note that deleting superseded images requires consent.
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Coffea canephora Pierre ex A. Froehner |
Photographer | |||
Description |
English: Robusta coffee (Coffea canephora; syn. Coffea robusta) is a species of coffee that has its origins in central and western sub-Saharan Africa. It is a species of flowering plant in the Rubiaceae family. Though widely known as Coffea robusta, the plant is scientifically identified as Coffea canephora, which has two main varieties - Robusta and Nganda.
The plant has a shallow root system and grows as a robust tree or shrub to about 10 metres. It flowers irregularly, taking about 10–11 months for cherries to ripen, producing oval-shaped beans. The robusta plant has a greater crop yield than that of Coffea arabica, and contains more caffeine - 2.7% compared to arabica's 1.5%. As it is less susceptible to pests and disease, robusta needs much less herbicide and pesticide than arabica. Originating in upland forests in Ethiopia, C. canephora grows indigenously in Western and Central Africa. It was not recognized as a species of Coffea until the 19th century, about a hundred years after Coffea arabica. |
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Depicted place |
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Date | 3 January 2010 | ||
Source | Own work | ||
Permission (Reusing this file) |
Jeevan Jose, Kerala, India, the copyright holder of this work, hereby publishes it under the following license: This file is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license. Attribution: © 2010 Jee & Rani Nature Photography (License: CC BY-SA 4.0)
An example on how to reuse this media: © 2010 Jee & Rani Nature Photography (License: CC BY-SA 4.0) |
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Other versions |
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Attribution (required by the license) InfoField | © 2010 Jee & Rani Nature Photography. Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License. Wikimedia Commons, the free media repository: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coffea.jpg. |
Camera location | 10° 04′ 27.39″ N, 77° 00′ 35.37″ E | View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMap | 10.074275; 77.009825 |
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Licensing
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by kadavoor at https://www.flickr.com/photos/9643110@N08/4684152253. It was reviewed on 26 September 2010 by FlickreviewR and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-sa-2.0. |
26 September 2010
File history
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Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
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current | 23:15, 26 September 2010 | 3,072 × 2,304 (2.63 MB) | FlickreviewR (talk | contribs) | Replacing image by its original image from Flickr | |
22:40, 26 September 2010 | 500 × 375 (111 KB) | Nvvchar (talk | contribs) | {{Information |Description=Coffea |Source=http://www.flickr.com/photos/jkadavoor/4684152253/ |Date= |Author=kadavoor |Permission= Some rights reserved |other_versions= }} Category:Coffee in India |
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File usage on Commons
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- Usage on hi.wikipedia.org
Metadata
This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong.
Camera manufacturer | Panasonic |
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Camera model | DMC-FZ28 |
Exposure time | 1/125 sec (0.008) |
F-number | f/8 |
ISO speed rating | 400 |
Date and time of data generation | 13:13, 3 January 2010 |
Lens focal length | 86.4 mm |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 180 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 180 dpi |
Software used | Ver.1.0 |
File change date and time | 13:13, 3 January 2010 |
Y and C positioning | Co-sited |
Exposure Program | Aperture priority |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 13:13, 3 January 2010 |
Image compression mode | 4 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 3 APEX (f/2.83) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Light source | Unknown |
Flash | Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression |
Color space | sRGB |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 0 |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 577 mm |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Contrast | Normal |
Saturation | Normal |
Sharpness | Normal |