File:Cluny Abbey (7309818490).jpg
Original file (4,118 × 2,735 pixels, file size: 7.45 MB, MIME type: image/jpeg)
Captions
Summary
[edit]DescriptionCluny Abbey (7309818490).jpg |
Cluny Abbey (or Cluni, or Clugny) is a Benedictine monastery in Cluny, Saône-et-Loire, France. It was built in the Romanesque style, with three churches built in succession from the 10th to the early 12th centuries. Cluny was founded by William I, Duke of Aquitaine in 910. He nominated Berno as the first Abbot of Cluny, subject only to Pope Sergius III. The Abbey was notable for its stricter adherence to the Rule of St. Benedict and the place where the Benedictine Order was formed, whereby Cluny became acknowledged as the leader of western monasticism. The establishment of the Benedictine order was a keystone to the stability of European society that was achieved in the 11th century. In 1790 during the French Revolution, the abbey was sacked and mostly destroyed. Only a small part of the original remains. Dating around 1334, the abbots of Cluny had a townhouse in Paris known as the Hôtel de Cluny, which has been a public museum since 1833. Apart from the name, it no longer possesses anything originally connected with Cluny. Cluny Abbey. (2012, May 15). In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 08:00, May 31, 2012, from en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Cluny_Abbey&oldid=... |
Date | |
Source | Cluny Abbey |
Author | Michal Osmenda from Brussels, Belgium |
Camera location | 46° 26′ 01.56″ N, 4° 39′ 34.34″ E | View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMap | 46.433766; 4.659538 |
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Licensing
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This image, originally posted to Flickr, was reviewed on 3 February 2013 by the administrator or reviewer File Upload Bot (Magnus Manske), who confirmed that it was available on Flickr under the stated license on that date. |
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Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
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current | 03:30, 3 February 2013 | 4,118 × 2,735 (7.45 MB) | File Upload Bot (Magnus Manske) (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr by User:russavia |
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Metadata
This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong.
Camera manufacturer | NIKON CORPORATION |
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Camera model | NIKON D300 |
Author | Michal Osmenda |
Copyright holder |
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Exposure time | 1/640 sec (0.0015625) |
F-number | f/13 |
ISO speed rating | 320 |
Date and time of data generation | 14:25, 27 May 2012 |
Lens focal length | 55 mm |
Latitude | 46° 26′ 1.56″ N |
Longitude | 4° 39′ 34.34″ E |
City shown | Cluny |
Horizontal resolution | 240 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 240 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop Lightroom 4.1 (Windows) |
File change date and time | 21:03, 31 May 2012 |
Exposure Program | Normal program |
Exif version | 2.3 |
Date and time of digitizing | 14:25, 27 May 2012 |
APEX shutter speed | 9.321928 |
APEX aperture | 7.400879 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 3 APEX (f/2.83) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Light source | Unknown |
Flash | Flash did not fire |
DateTimeOriginal subseconds | 94 |
DateTimeDigitized subseconds | 94 |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Scene type | A directly photographed image |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 82 mm |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Scene control | None |
Contrast | Normal |
Saturation | Normal |
Sharpness | Normal |
Subject distance range | Unknown |
GPS tag version | 0.0.2.2 |
Serial number of camera | 8017691 |
Lens used | 17.0-55.0 mm f/2.8 |
Date metadata was last modified | 23:03, 31 May 2012 |
Unique ID of original document | 33862FCA9FCA6B39504ECE829EA3DEE6 |
Copyright status | Copyrighted |
Keywords |
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Contact information |
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Province or state shown | Burgandy |
Country shown | France |
IIM version | 4 |