File:Claystone over dolostone over limestone (Cave Branch Member over Mill Knob Member, Slade Formation, Upper Mississippian; Clack Mountain Road Outcrop, south of Morehead, Kentucky, USA) (45572038814).jpg
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[edit]DescriptionClaystone over dolostone over limestone (Cave Branch Member over Mill Knob Member, Slade Formation, Upper Mississippian; Clack Mountain Road Outcrop, south of Morehead, Kentucky, USA) (45572038814).jpg |
Paleosol over carbonates in the Mississippian of Kentucky, USA. This outcrop is part of the Upper Mississippian Slade Formation in Kentucky. The unit was formerly known as the Newman Limestone ("They always change the names to protect the innocent!"). Slade Formation limestones are shallow ocean deposits. This section has numerous paleosol horizons (= ancient soils). The clay-rich interval in the top third of the photo is a paleosol in the Cave Branch Member (= soil 9 of Ettensohn & Lierman, 1992). The paleosol continues to the base of the slightly yellowish-brownish dolostone unit just above the middle of the picture. From Ettensohn & Lierman (1992): "Soil 9 includes parts of the Cave Branch Member and the uppermost 0.8 meters (2.5 feet) of the Mill Knob Member; it probably includes parts of all three horizons. The C horizon in this soil is represented by the upper 0.8 meters (2.5 feet) of Mill Knob dolomicrite and dolosiltite, which is melanized, brecciated, and exhibits nodular peds. In places it has been drastically thinned or is completely absent, having been completely altered to terra-rossa by dissolution. The overlying 3.1 meters (10 feet) of reddish-brown chunky claystones are included in the Cave Branch Member and represent a terra rossa or "weathered B" horizon. Solution-rounded clasts and "lenses" of dolosiltite throughout reflect the nature of the parent rock. Pseudo-anticlines, caliche thrusts, and downward-branching root casts are often defined by stress cutans or slickensides and are outlined by bluish-gray reduced clays reflecting gleization. Some of the pseudo-anticlines are 0.3 to 0.6 meters (1 to 2 feet) in amplitude and have periodicities of up to 9 meters (30 feet). The overlying 0.9 meters (3 feet) of dark-gray, chunky, claystone residuum contains finely disseminated organic matter and may represent the lower part of the A horizon. in fact, the dark-gray reduced nature of this part of the unit may be related to the presence of the organic matter. Although no rooting has been found here, in a similar Cave Branch deposit to the south, definite evidence of rooting was found." The gray rocks in the middle and lower parts of the picture are limestones of the Mill Knob Member. Stratigraphy: Cave Branch Member over Mill Knob Member, Slade Formation, Upper Mississippian Locality: roadcut next to the Clack Mountain Road-Route 519 intersection, south of Morehead, Kentucky, USA (vicinity of 38° 07’ 41.87” North latitude, 83° 24’ 47.04” West longitude) Reference cited: Ettensohn & Lierman (1992) - Stop 17 - Chesterian, humid-type residual paleosols from the Slade Formation. in: Paleoclimate controls on Carboniferous sedimentation and cyclic stratigraphy in the Appalachian Basin. United States Geological Survey Open File Report 92-546: 85-87. |
Date | |
Source | Claystone over dolostone over limestone (Cave Branch Member over Mill Knob Member, Slade Formation, Upper Mississippian; Clack Mountain Road Outcrop, south of Morehead, Kentucky, USA) |
Author | James St. John |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by James St. John at https://flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/45572038814 (archive). It was reviewed on 7 December 2019 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
7 December 2019
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current | 18:33, 7 December 2019 | ![]() | 4,000 × 3,000 (13.09 MB) | Ser Amantio di Nicolao (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr via #flickr2commons |
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Camera manufacturer | Canon |
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Exposure time | 1/400 sec (0.0025) |
F-number | f/3.5 |
ISO speed rating | 80 |
Date and time of data generation | 12:10, 11 March 2018 |
Lens focal length | 9.7 mm |
Horizontal resolution | 180 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 180 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop Elements 13.0 (Macintosh) |
File change date and time | 23:54, 12 December 2018 |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 12:10, 11 March 2018 |
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APEX exposure bias | −0.66666666666667 |
Maximum land aperture | 3.614709851552 APEX (f/3.5) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Flash | Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
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Focal plane X resolution | 16,460.905405405 |
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Focal plane resolution unit | inches |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Manual exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Scene capture type | Landscape |
IIM version | 29,736 |
Lens used | 6.2-18.6 mm |
Date metadata was last modified | 18:54, 12 December 2018 |
Unique ID of original document | A1124D484E8017AE346515E3829A388C |