File:Clackmannan and Kinross (1915) (14798331433).jpg

Identifier: clackmannankinro00dayj (find matches)
Title: Clackmannan and Kinross
Year: 1915 (1910s)
Authors: Day, John Percival, 1880-
Subjects: Clackmannanshire (Scotland) Kinross-shire (Scotland)
Publisher: Cambridge (Eng.) : University Press
Contributing Library: University of California Libraries
Digitizing Sponsor: MSN

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ong ages beforethe advent of man. Enclosed within the rocks of somemountain top are found the fossilised remains of marinecreatures, and we know that the land there, now thousandsof feet above the sea-level, was once many fathoms be-neath it. In the coal seams of a deep mine are seenthe decayed and compressed remains of vegetation whichonce throve exposed to the light and air of the surface.Embedded in a slab of clay is the imprint of a tropicalpalm, mute witness to a time when these islands ex-perienced a torrid climate ; while from the ice-smoothedrocks of the hill-side we learn that at another period avast ice-sheet o\errode the country. Stupendous changesare these, from ocean depth to mountain top, from tropicalconditions to arctic—changes which can be understoodaright only when it is remembered that many thousandsof years went to every stage of the long history. Not byany violent cataclysm were the former mountains buried,nor was the ocean bed raised by an^• sudden upheaval ;
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In Alva Glen GEOLOGY 13 but the alterations in elevation and the Hactuations ofclimate were perhaps as slow and imperceptible then asthe changes now taking place are to us. It is part of thework of the geologist to attempt to trace the history ofthese secular changes ; and, for the accomplishment ofthis, he relies partly upon the position and characterof the rocks now exposed, but mainly upon the kind offossils they contain. From such evidence the worldsorganic history has been divided into three main stages.The first great period is called the Palaeozoic era, becauseit includes the earliest forms of life ; the last period is theCainozoic, with the recent forms of life ; while betweenthese two is the Mesozoic or middle era, though in pointof duration the Palaeozoic era was longer than the twolater eras together. Of course, some of the Palaeozoicforms are found also in Mesozoic rocks, and Mesozoicforms may continue into Cainozoic times ; but yet thesethree divisions are separated by pe

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