File:Chaumont-sur-Tharonne (Loir-et-Cher) (12815958313).jpg
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[edit]DescriptionChaumont-sur-Tharonne (Loir-et-Cher) (12815958313).jpg |
Un étang. Un étang est un plan d’eau artificiel. On barre une petite vallée avec une digue qu’on appelle la chaussée. Une bonde permet de vider l’étang. (Voir le beau travail de l’école de Bauzy sur le sujet : www.icem-pedagogie-freinet.org/sites/default/files/FTJ_22...) Depuis le Moyen-Age, les étangs sont construits en grand nombre en Sologne. À la Renaissance on les estime à 4000. Les étangs sont, à cette époque, d’un grand rapport, un hectare d’étang rapporte 10 fois plus qu’un hectare de terre agricole en Beauce. Avec 140 jours maigres par an, la demande en poissons est grande. Au 16ème siècle, les guerres de religion désorganisent la distribution du poisson et les étangs sont abandonnés. Les étangs se colmatent et deviennent des marécages. Les moustiques pullulent et les fièvres palustres se développent. La misère et les maladies font chuter l’espérance de vie vers 23 ans aux 17ème et 18ème siècles. A la révolution, le décret du 14 frimaire an II décidait l’assèchement des étangs.le décret avait pour objet de « rendre à la santé et à la vie des milliers de Français qui moissonnent, chaque année, avant le terme marqué par la nature des maladies produites par les funestes émanations des étangs ». Le paludisme régressa en Sologne probablement grâce, en partie, à l’apparition de la quinine. Les solognots réexploiteront les étangs. (www.afes.fr/afes/egs/EGS_13_1_fanica.pdf)
Since the Middle Ages, the ponds are built in large numbers in Sologne. During the Renaissance the estimated number of ponds in Sologne at 4000. The ponds are at this period a great resource, one hectare pond earn 10 times more than a hectare of agricultural land in the Beauce. With 140 days of fasting a year, there is a high demand for fish. Religious wars disrupt the distribution of fish, and ponds are abandoned. Ponds clog and become swamps. Mosquitoes proliferate and malarial fevers develop. Poverty and disease are falling life expectancy to 23 years in the 17th and 18th centuries. During the Revolution, the decree of 14 Frimaire II decided drying ponds. The decree was to "make the health and lives of thousands of French people who die each year before the date because of diseases caused by the deadly vapors ponds." Malaria regressed in Sologne probably due in part to the emergence of quinine. The solognots re-exploit ponds. |
Date | Taken on 26 February 2014, 15:55 |
Source | Chaumont-sur-Tharonne (Loir-et-Cher) |
Author | Daniel Jolivet |
Camera location | 47° 36′ 57.35″ N, 1° 53′ 06.19″ E | View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMap | 47.615930; 1.885052 |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by sybarite48 at https://flickr.com/photos/26082117@N07/12815958313 (archive). It was reviewed on 17 November 2017 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
17 November 2017
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current | 13:37, 17 November 2017 | 4,928 × 3,264 (9.03 MB) | Thesupermat2 (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr via Flickr2Commons |
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Metadata
This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong.
Camera manufacturer | PENTAX |
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Camera model | PENTAX K-5 II |
Author | JOLIVET Daniel |
Copyright holder |
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Exposure time | 1/125 sec (0.008) |
F-number | f/11 |
ISO speed rating | 200 |
Date and time of data generation | 15:55, 26 February 2014 |
Lens focal length | 15 mm |
Latitude | 47° 36′ 57.35″ N |
Longitude | 1° 53′ 6.19″ E |
Altitude | 139.2 meters above sea level |
Short title |
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Image title |
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Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 300 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 300 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop Elements 9.0 Macintosh |
File change date and time | 08:34, 27 February 2014 |
Y and C positioning | Co-sited |
Exposure Program | Shutter priority |
Exif version | 2.3 |
Date and time of digitizing | 15:55, 26 February 2014 |
Meaning of each component |
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APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Flash | Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Scene type | A directly photographed image |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 22 mm |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Contrast | Normal |
Saturation | Normal |
Sharpness | Normal |
Subject distance range | Distant view |
GPS time (atomic clock) | 13:55 |
Satellites used for measurement | 10 |
Receiver status | Measurement in progress |
Measurement mode | 3-dimensional measurement |
Speed unit | Kilometers per hour |
Speed of GPS receiver | 0.12 |
Reference for direction of movement | True direction |
Direction of movement | 228.66 |
Reference for direction of image | True direction |
Direction of image | 9.95 |
Geodetic survey data used | WGS-84 |
GPS date | 26 February 2014 |
GPS tag version | 2.3.0.0 |
Width | 4,928 px |
Height | 3,264 px |
Pixel composition | RGB |
Number of components | 3 |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Image width | 4,928 px |
Image height | 3,264 px |
APEX shutter speed | 6.965784 |
APEX aperture | 6.918863 |
Name of GPS processing method | GPS |
Bits per component |
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Date metadata was last modified | 17:11, 27 February 2014 |
Writer | Jolivet Daniel |
Unique ID of original document | xmp.did:F97F11740720681192B0B301DE421C35 |
Copyright status | Copyright status not set |
IIM version | 2 |