File:Chalk (Smoky Hill Chalk Member, Niobrara Formation, Upper Cretaceous; Castle Rock, south of Quinter, Kansas, USA) 91 (38496494124).jpg
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[edit]DescriptionChalk (Smoky Hill Chalk Member, Niobrara Formation, Upper Cretaceous; Castle Rock, south of Quinter, Kansas, USA) 91 (38496494124).jpg |
Chalk in the Cretaceous of Kansas, USA. This is Castle Rock, a famous cluster of chalk pillars south of Quinter, Kansas. Chalk is a biogenic, calcitic, marine sedimentary rock composed of numerous coccolith microfossils (see: <a href="http://www.soes.soton.ac.uk/staff/tt/eh/pics/lith2.gif" rel="nofollow">www.soes.soton.ac.uk/staff/tt/eh/pics/lith2.gif</a>). Coccoliths are individual calcareous plates that covered a single-celled, photosynthesizing marine organism called a coccolithophorid (a.k.a. coccolithophore; "coccolithophorid" is not an adjective, contra Wikipedia) (see: <a href="https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/Emiliania_huxleyi_coccolithophore_(PLoS).png" rel="nofollow">upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/d/d9/Emiliania_hux...</a>). Most chalks are Cretaceous in age ("creta" means "chalk"). The most famous example is the White Cliffs of Dover, along the southern shore of Britain. Weathered chalks in western Kansas range in color from white to pale yellowish to pale grayish. Stratigraphy: Smoky Hill Chalk Member (a.k.a. Smoky Hills Member), Niobrara Formation, Upper Cretaceous Locality: Castle Rock, north of Gove County Road K & east of Castle Rock Road, 23 kilometers south-southeast of the town of Quinter, eastern Gove County, western Kansas, USA |
Date | |
Source | Chalk (Smoky Hill Chalk Member, Niobrara Formation, Upper Cretaceous; Castle Rock, south of Quinter, Kansas, USA) 91 |
Author | James St. John |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by James St. John at https://flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/38496494124 (archive). It was reviewed on 12 October 2019 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
12 October 2019
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current | 06:49, 12 October 2019 | 4,000 × 3,000 (5.25 MB) | Ser Amantio di Nicolao (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr via #flickr2commons |
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Camera manufacturer | Canon |
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Camera model | Canon PowerShot D10 |
Exposure time | 1/500 sec (0.002) |
F-number | f/9 |
ISO speed rating | 80 |
Date and time of data generation | 15:43, 12 June 2012 |
Lens focal length | 8.295 mm |
Image title | |
Width | 4,000 px |
Height | 3,000 px |
Bits per component |
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Pixel composition | RGB |
Orientation | Normal |
Number of components | 3 |
Horizontal resolution | 180 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 180 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop Elements 13.0 (Macintosh) |
File change date and time | 16:16, 21 December 2017 |
Y and C positioning | Co-sited |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 15:43, 12 June 2012 |
Meaning of each component |
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Image compression mode | 3 |
APEX shutter speed | 8.96875 |
APEX aperture | 6.34375 |
APEX exposure bias | −0.33333333333333 |
Maximum land aperture | 3.34375 APEX (f/3.19) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Flash | Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
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Focal plane resolution unit | inches |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Manual exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Scene capture type | Landscape |
Lens used | 6.2-18.6 mm |
Date metadata was last modified | 11:16, 21 December 2017 |
Unique ID of original document | AA524726780793F93CD8EC9FB717A5F7 |