File:Caspian Sea Smoke Plumes sept 11 2010.jpg
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Summary
[edit]DescriptionCaspian Sea Smoke Plumes sept 11 2010.jpg |
English: Astronauts on the International Space Station took in this view of the north coast of the Caspian Sea and two river deltas in Kazakhstan and Russia on September 11, 2010. The larger delta (image middle) is that of the Volga River, which appears prominently in sunglint—light reflected off a water surface back towards the observer—and the smaller, less prominent delta is the Ural River (lower left).
The smoke plume appears to rise out of coastal marsh vegetation in the Ural River delta, rather than a city or oil storage facility. Although even small fires produce plumes that are long, bright, and easily visible from space, the density of the smoke in this plume—which stretches 350 kilometers (217 miles)—suggests it was a significant fire. The smoke was thick enough near the source to cast shadows on the Caspian Sea surface below. Lines mark three separate pulses of smoke: the most recent, nearest the source, extends directly south from the coastline. With time, plumes become progressively more diffuse. The oldest pulse appears thinnest, casting no obvious shadows. Wide-angle, oblique views such as this—taken looking outward at an angle, rather than straight down towards the Earth—give an excellent impression of how ISS astronauts view the Earth. For a sense of scale, the Caucasus Mountains, across the Caspian, are approximately 1,100 kilometers (680 miles) to the southwest of the space station’s nadir point—the location on Earth directly underneath the spacecraft—at the time this image was taken. |
Date | |
Source | http://earthobservatory.nasa.gov/IOTD/view.php?id=46022 |
Author | NASA/JSC Gateway to Astronaut Photography of Earth. Caption by M. Justin Wilkinson, NASA-JSC. |
Licensing
[edit]Public domainPublic domainfalsefalse |
This file is in the public domain in the United States because it was solely created by NASA. NASA copyright policy states that "NASA material is not protected by copyright unless noted". (See Template:PD-USGov, NASA copyright policy page or JPL Image Use Policy.) | ||
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Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
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current | 11:18, 30 September 2010 | 1,500 × 1,000 (888 KB) | Supportstorm (talk | contribs) | Reduced noise and Dust | |
11:02, 30 September 2010 | 1,500 × 1,000 (1.37 MB) | Supportstorm (talk | contribs) | {{Information |Description={{en|1=Astronauts on the International Space Station took in this view of the north coast of the Caspian Sea and two river deltas in Kazakhstan and Russia on September 11, 2010. The larger delta (image middle) is that of the Vol |
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Metadata
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Camera manufacturer | NIKON CORPORATION |
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Camera model | NIKON D3X |
Exposure time | 1/1,000 sec (0.001) |
F-number | f/10 |
ISO speed rating | 200 |
Date and time of data generation | 11:24, 11 September 2010 |
Lens focal length | 50 mm |
Width | 1,500 px |
Height | 1,000 px |
Pixel composition | RGB |
Orientation | Normal |
Number of components | 3 |
Horizontal resolution | 300 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 300 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop CS5 Windows |
File change date and time | 06:17, 30 September 2010 |
Y and C positioning | Centered |
Exposure Program | Manual |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 11:24, 11 September 2010 |
APEX shutter speed | 9.965784 |
APEX aperture | 6.643856 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 4.5 APEX (f/4.76) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Light source | Unknown |
Flash | Flash did not fire |
DateTime subseconds | 63 |
DateTimeOriginal subseconds | 63 |
DateTimeDigitized subseconds | 63 |
Color space | sRGB |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Manual exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 50 mm |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Contrast | Normal |
Saturation | Normal |
Sharpness | Normal |
Subject distance range | Unknown |