File:Carpenter's principles of human physiology (1881) (14781380102).jpg

Identifier: carpentersprinci00carp (find matches)
Title: Carpenter's principles of human physiology
Year: 1881 (1880s)
Authors: Carpenter, William Benjamin, 1813-1885 Meneses, Henry Power
Subjects: Human physiology Physiology
Publisher: London : J. & A. Churchill
Contributing Library: Francis A. Countway Library of Medicine
Digitizing Sponsor: Open Knowledge Commons and Harvard Medical School

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circulation ischanged at the moment of the first inspiration. The number of aortic archeson each side, which was five at first, soon becomes reduced in the Mammaliato three, by the obliteration of the central portions of the two highest pairs. TheBullous Aorticus is subdivided by the adhesion of its walls at opposite pointsinto two tubes, of which one becomes the origin of the aorta, and the otherthat of the pulmonary artery, and of the three remaining pairs of vascular(branchial) arches, the third being connected with the aortic trunk, contri- * Proceedings Eoyal Soc, vol. xxiii. p. 498, and 1S76, p. 417.t Quains Anatomy, ed. 8, p. 788. 928 OFGENERATION :—EMBRYONIC DEVELOPMENT. butes, with portions of the two highest pairs, to the formation of the externaland internal carotid arteries ; whilst of the second pair, the arch on the rightside forms the innominate and the beginning of the right subclavian, and theother becomes the arch of the aorta, and contributes to form the left sub-
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1. Bullius arteriosus, with one pair of aortic arches, and clotted outlines indicating the futureposition of the second and third pairs. 2. Bulbus arteriosus, with four pairs of aortic arches andindications of the fifth. 3. Bulbus arteriosus, with the three posterior pairs of aortic arches, fromwhich the permanent vessels of the embryo are developed, with dotted outlines showing the positionof the two (now) obliterated anterior arches. 4. Permanent arterial trunks in their primitive form,the obliterated portions still shown in dotted outline. 1—5, primitive aortic arches; a, aorta;p, pulmonary artery ; p, p, branches to the lungs ; aw, root of thoracic aorta (ad) on left side ;aw, obliterated root springing from right side ; «, s, subclavian artery ; v, vertebral; ax, axillary :e, common carotid ; e, external carotid ; c, internal carotid. In the chick the part s has beenobserved to atrophy, the vessel c becoming the external, and e the internal carotid artery. clavian. The lowest

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