File:Canadian forest industries 1908 (1908) (20337332068).jpg

Title: Canadian forest industries 1908
Identifier: canadianforest1908donm (find matches)
Year: 1908 (1900s)
Authors:
Subjects: Lumbering; Forests and forestry; Forest products; Wood-pulp industry; Wood-using industries
Publisher: Don Mills, Ont. : Southam Business Publications
Contributing Library: Fisher - University of Toronto
Digitizing Sponsor: University of Toronto

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Wire Rope Methods of Logging by Steam—Snakers and Skidders From the Forestry Quarterly—Continued. Nearly every logging proposition presents peculiar difficulties or dif- ferences of its own, not only physical, but due to labor conditions or metbods of general management or procedure; each presents a special engineering problem, and new features or combinations must be incor- porated in a plant suitable for the work. The'suspended system of logging has its limitations and suitability to various conditions; the system is, to be sure, a short haul system, its length depending on the beight of the head and tail spars, and the maxi- mum load; practically the working length is 800 to 1,000 feet on ground level, and increasing to a maximum of 1,600 feet in regions of broken topography. As it is operated in the air, it is independent of ground conditions absolutely, and is, therefore, eminently suitable to all rough or broken bottom, to woods with thick and tangled undergrowth or covered with mud or water, or to other conditions rendering the ground impassable. In practice, it reduces the expense for swamping to a negligible amount. As a conveying or carrying system it is especially suited to exploita- tion where small products, like tan bark, pulp wood, cord wood and faggots, are to be gotten out. Under conditions where a snaking system might be used it is often to be chosen; where the timber is small, where the stumpage is heavy, SLACK EOPE SKIDDEBS. Slack rope skidding, as briefly mentioned in speaking of the early development, is not in extensive use in the east and south; in the west it is practically the only system used. The complete skidder for this system varies in its form very much, as does the cableway skidder; it may be merely the bare engine with the necessary blocks, cables and small fittings, or it may be completely portable, on self-propelling car, with spar and loading boom. Slack rope skidding is primarily a long distance system; thus on the coast it is used for yarding to extreme hauls of 2,500 feet,, in pull boal logging for long hauls of one mile, and in mountain roading for several thousand feet. Bequ'ied capacity iu a sieck rope system is obtained by bailing largo loads, lathci than by making many trij.s; for the purpose* of gathering suitable loads side lines of various lengths, rope slings, chains with dogs, or Shaw sockets and similar devices are used. Another inter- esting detail device that has been used for swamp slack rope work is the Baptist cone. This, fits over the front end of a log and serves the same purpose as sniping; that is, preventing the log from catching or hanging up on ground obstructions. The principal objection to the slack rope method where ground and
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Illustrating Manner of Attaching Shaw Sling Chains. that is over 10,000 feet to the acre, and where logs free of dirt or grit are necessary. Considering its actual use and suitability to conditions, it might be said that it is the method almost universally used in logging the southern cypress and juniper swamps; there it will skid and load logs otherwise practically unavailable for a contract price usually less than one dollar per thousand feet. In the Louisiana cypress belt the tree-rigged skidder, as usually operated, is expected to log a million feet a month, with an average crew of seventeen men, additional expenses being fuel, oil and general repairs. The best machine record for a day's operation for this tree-rigged type the writer has. in mind was 119,600 feet in timber that averaged over 500 feet to the log. It is here cited as a most exceptional showing. Further, the cableway skidder is the most efficient form for operators in the "Lake" hardwood and hemlock section, and in the pulpwcod forest of the northeast. A light form mounted on suitable sleds or runners in broken topo- graphy will secure logs usually considreed inaccessible, it is specifically of value in securing the scattered remnants in the mountains of New England, the Adirondacks and the Appalachian region, standing on broken rough bluffs, and by the usual local methods unobtainable. In more permanent form.it is extremely serviceable in transferring logs across ravines, gorges, streams and other breaks in topography. timber conditions are suitable is the labor of changing lines to a new course; ordinarily in one course a strip of from 100 to 400 feet is skidded. In very long hauls therefore the practice often changes the slack rope system from a skidding to a main haul system by the use of a small auxiliary machine to feed it, and thus the method of roading is ap- proached. The road engine is a slack rope machine but must not be confounded with the slack rope skidder, for it does not go to the stump direct or by side line, but simply hauls logs brought to it by other means, as teams, men, or the yarding engine. It is a main haul engine, that is, it takes the place of tram, or slide, or flume, or sled road, and as such is seldom shifted but is semi-permanent. In its largest and most permanent form it is the Bull-donkey of the Coast, and is often placed at the mill itself, thus rendering railroad unnecessary, or is placed at the main entrance and replaces the usual spur road. In such cases, it is an equipment of some pretensions. Fine slides of fore-and-aft skid roads are built, and where large log quantities are to be moved the road mileage construction cost map approach that of a branch railroad in similar conditions. The cost of the road will generally be in proportion to the amount of timber to be hauled over it. If only a small stumpage be tributary, only impassible places in the selected right of way will be bridged, skidded or corduroyed ; if a large amount is

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