File:Bulletin (Pennsylvania Department of Forestry), no. 11 (1901) (20316187969).jpg

Title: Bulletin (Pennsylvania Department of Forestry), no. 11
Identifier: bulletinpennsylv11pennx (find matches)
Year: 1901 (1900s)
Authors: Pennsylvania. Dept. of Forestry
Subjects: Forests and forestry
Publisher: Harrisburg, Pa. : The Department : WM. Stanley Ray, state printer of Pennsylvania
Contributing Library: Penn State University
Digitizing Sponsor: Lyrasis Members and Sloan Foundation

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I( 180 SHAD BUSH Amelanchier canadensis, (Linnaeus) Mendicus OENTTS DESCRIPTION—The genua Amelanchier comprises about 30 species of small trees and shnjbg found mainly in the temperate portion of the northern hemisphere. About 23 species are found in North America, 6 of which attain tree-sixe. Pour species are native to Pennsyl- vania, only 1 of which attains tree-size. FOKM—A small tree usually 10-26 ft. in height with a diameter of 6-12 inches but may reach a height of 40 ft. with a diameter of 20 inches. Trunk usually straight, slender, with little taper, bearing a shallow and narrow crown appearing very dense on account of abundant fine sprays of branchlets. BARK—Rather smooth on young and old specimens. On older specimens there Is a tendency to roughen through shallow, longitudinal, sometimes diagonal flssures which are rather dark and separate broad, lighter, and smooth ridges becoming scaly near the base. TWIGS—Slender, somewhat zlgiag, bright green to purplish-brown, smooth or often overlaid with a grayish filmrlike coating which peels off; covered with a few, pale, scattered lenticcls; pith small, greenish, angular. BUDS—Alternate, usually 2-ranked, slender, conical. J-i of an inch long, 3-4 times as long as broad, sharp-pointed, greenlsli-brown often tinged with purple, sometimes smooth, often hairy towards apex and along bud-scales. Terminal buds longer than lateral which are usually ai^ressed close to twig, sometimes remaining very small. Bud-scales largest near base, often 3-nerved, darker and finely hairy along margin. LEAVES—Alternate, sin4>le, ovate to ovate-oblong, 3-4 Inches long, sharp-pointed at apex, round or heart-shaped at base, finely and sharply serrate on margin, at first hairy, later smooth, dark green above, paler below. LEAF-SCARS—Alternate, usually 2-ranked, small, Inconsrlcuous, rather linear, with projecting bundle-scars which are large and 3 in number. FLOWERS—Appear about April when leaves are just starting to develop; large, white, per- fect, stalked, arranged in drooping racemes 3-5 inches long. FRUIT—Matures in June or July. Berry-like in racemes, reddlsli-purple, with a bloom when fully ripe, about i of an inch in diameter, sweet, and containing small seeds. WOOD—Diflfuse-porous; rays numerous, indistinct, dark brown often touched with red; heavy, hard, strong, checks and warps easily, very susceptible to high polish. Weighs 49 lbs. per cubic foot. Used to a limited extent, mainly in turn<'rj'. DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS—The Shad Bush, also known as Service Berry, June Berry, and Sarvice, can readily be distinguished in winter by its smooth, grayish often black- streaked bark and its long, slender, conical, sharp-pointed, greenish-brown to purplish buds which are often finely hairy towards the apex and along the margin of the scales. The buds, in form and to some extent in size, resemble the Beech but the buds of the Beech are usually larger, dear reddish-brown in color and have from 10-20 scales arranged in 4 rows. The twigs of the Beech are shining reddish-brown while those of the Shad Bush are usually bright green to gray- ish or purplish-brown. The stipule scars are absent on the Shad Bush while they nearly encircle the twig of the Beech. The large white flowers arranged in drooping recemes 3-5 Inches long are also characteristic. The leaves and the fruit will aid in dlstinguUhlng It in summer. RANGE—Newfoundland and Ontario, southward to Florida, westward to Kansas and Ixmlslana. DISTRIBUTION IN PENNSYLVANIA—Found In every portion of the State. Most abundant among the mountain ranges. The largest Shad Bush reported In Pennsylvania stands In Maple Hollow near Duncansville In Blair county. It is over 66 inches in circumference at 4 feet from the ground. HABITAT—Occurs solitary or occasionally in clumps. Prefers open situations and moist soil, but also grows on sandy rather sterile soil. Common along bonlers of forests, banks of streams, forest roads, and cliffs. Small specimens comnaon in the understory of our hardwood foresU. IMPORTANCE OF THE SPECIES—The Shad Bush is of little commercial importance because Its wood is rarely used. It will always be a minor species not on account of the Infertority of Its wood but on account of Its small size and limited and scattered distribution. The wood is actually stronger and stiffer than White Oak. Its conspicuous white flowers in early spring before the leaves are out justify its retention in the forest, especially where It does not inter- fere with the growth of other more valuable trees. The berries are excellent food for birds, beasts, and man.
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m I PLATE XCII. SHAD BUSH 1. •> ii! 4. r». (i. A t1«>\v«'iini(? hraiicli, x h. Longitudinal scotion <)f a ttowcr cilia ryt'il. A fruiting branch witli niaturc hiivos, x \. Section of a fruit, cnlargod. A Aviuter twig, natural size. Section of a winter twig, ciilaigcil. INTENTIONAL SECOND EXPOSURE

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