File:Bulletin (Pennsylvania Department of Forestry), no. 11 (1901) (20315941759).jpg

Title: Bulletin (Pennsylvania Department of Forestry), no. 11
Identifier: bulletinpennsylv11pennx (find matches)
Year: 1901 (1900s)
Authors: Pennsylvania. Dept. of Forestry
Subjects: Forests and forestry
Publisher: Harrisburg, Pa. : The Department : WM. Stanley Ray, state printer of Pennsylvania
Contributing Library: Penn State University
Digitizing Sponsor: Lyrasis Members and Sloan Foundation

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1. 2 3. 4. ⢠I. fi. 'i. PLATE LVIII. SWAMP WHITE OAK Flowering branch with immature leaves, (s) stan.inate blossonis, (p) pistillate blossoms, x J. Branch with mature leaver and mature long-stalked acorns, x *. An a«'orn, x J. An acorn , \ !â . \ rvi'ilt!-r txviu'Willi l'U.l<. l<-iili.',-ls, Laf-siius, and live sidc.l pith enlarged. Section -d winter branch sliuwin;; darl;, brol^en, and scalv ..nt.-r l.aiU, ciilai ;,<â¢.!. 141 SWAMP WHITE OAK Quercus bicolor, Willdenow FOEMâAn average-sized tree usually attaining a height of 60-70 ft., occasionally attaining a height of 100 ft. with a diameter of 3 feet. In Uie open it develops a broad, open, round- topped crown with the upper branches ascending, the lower often drooping. Scraggy and peeling branches make it rather unattractive. In the dense stands the trunlt is clean and continuous. BAKKâOn young branches reddish-brown, smooth, soon becoming rough and unkempt by peel- ing into long, persiBtent, dark scales and exposing light inner bark. On old trunks, thick, grayish-brown, deeply fissured into long, often continuous, flat ridges which break up into small gray scales. See Fig. 98. TWIGSâStout, yellowish to reddish-brown, usually smooth, covered with pale raised lenticels; pith star-shaped. BUD&âAlternate, broadly ovate, obtuse, J-J of an inch long, covered with light chestnnt- brown scales, often slightly hairy towards the apex. LEAVESâAternate, simple, usually obovate in outline, 5-6 inches long, 2-4 inches wide, rounded at narrowed apex, coarsely dentate on margin, with shallow rounded lobes; upper surface shining dark yellowlsh-greeu; lower surface light green and finely hairy. LEAF-SCAESâSee "Leaf-Scars" under White Oak, page 138. FLOWEESâAppear about May when leaves are about i developed. Staminate flowers occur in hairy aments 4-5 inches long. Pistillate are borne on short stalks, either solitary or few in a cluster. FEUITâAn acorn, maturing during one season, solitary or few in a cluster, usually borne on a long stalk. Nut oblong, i-lj inches long, chestnut-brown usually hairy at apex. Cup deeply saucer-shaped, thick, enclosing i of nut, hairy inside, covered with pale woolly scales which are rather thickened near base, and thin, often fringed at margin. WOODâDiffuse-porous; with rather conspicuous medullary rays. It possesses the same physical characteristics as the White Oak, and is sold on the market as White Oak. Weighs 48 lbs. per cubic foot. DISTINGUISHING CHAEACTEEISTICSâThe Swamp White Oak can be distinguished from all other Oaks at any season of the year by the bark on the younger branches which peels off into thin large plates shallow sinuses between the lobes, giving the leaf a broad effect. In fall the long-stalked acorns with their cups enclosing about i of nut are characteristic. In winter the rather stout, yellowish to reddish-brown twigs bearing buds with light chestnut-brown scales and the irregular, often drooping, growth of the lower lateral branches is peculiar to this species. EANGEâMaine and Quebec to Michigan, south to Georgia and Arkansas. DISTEIBUTION IN PENNSYLVANIAâReported from eight counties in the eastern and south- em parts of the State, one in the western, one in the northeastern, and common in the north- western part. What is probably the largest Swamp White Oak in this State stands near Wutcrfall in Huntingdon county. At breast-high it is 16 feet 6 inches in circumference. HABITATâFrequents rich soils on borders of swamps and streams. IMPORTANCE OF THE SPECIESâThe Swamp White Oak is an important tree but its propa- gation should not be recommended or attempted where the White Oak will grow. Its lateral branches have a tendency to persist which results in an inferior grade of lumber. It has no ornamental qualities which especially recommend it for such planting. INTENTIONAL SECOND EXPOSURE

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