File:Bulletin (Pennsylvania Department of Forestry), no. 11 (1901) (20315866549).jpg

Title: Bulletin (Pennsylvania Department of Forestry), no. 11
Identifier: bulletinpennsylv11pennx (find matches)
Year: 1901 (1900s)
Authors: Pennsylvania. Dept. of Forestry
Subjects: Forests and forestry
Publisher: Harrisburg, Pa. : The Department : WM. Stanley Ray, state printer of Pennsylvania
Contributing Library: Penn State University
Digitizing Sponsor: Lyrasis Members and Sloan Foundation

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126 AMERICAN HORNBEAM Carpinus caroliniana, Walter PFNTIS DESCRIPTION—This genus comprises about 12 species which are confined to the JS^\f^'^^e' On^yl sp^cles ,s found In Anverica A few of the other species are native to Europe, while most are found in northern and central Asia. FOMJ^A small tree or shrub usually attaining a height of 10-30 ft., with a diameter of 8-12 often pendulous towards the end. BARK-Vertically comigated, smooth, thin, close-fitting, bluish-gray tinged with brown. See Fig. 114. TWIGS-Slender. at first silky, hairy and green, later smooth, shining, reddish to orange; covered with scattered pale lenticels. BTTTiS—AUPrnate axllary terminal bud absent; ovate, pointed, i of an inch 10"^-/'«^<l*f'^- br^n^trred wVtiT'visibl. 4-rnnked bud-scales. Bud-scales increase in size from the base iowairthe apex, are longitudinally-strlate and often dilate on margins. LEAVEfr-Altemate. simple, ovate-oblong, acute at apex, doubly-serrate on margin, rounded or wedge-shaped at base. 2-4 inches long, deep green above, paler below. LEAF-SCARS-Alternate. ^U. elevated, elliptical, with generally 3 Inconspicuous bundle- scars. imoWEES-ADPear about April with the leaves. Staminate start to develop in 'all and re^in^fr wfntS In thTform of buds which resemble the leaf-buds, only are larger. JVben flil^y de'l^ped thV are drooping aments about IJ inches long. Pistillate appear as aments. about i of an inch long, with bright scarlet styles. FRTJIT-A small corrugated nut about J of an inch long inclosed by a leaf-like, 3-lobed bract which is usually serrate only on one margin of middle lobe. WOOD-Diffuse-porous: rays conspicuous and broad along short radii; heay. ^^• f™"^; light brown, with broad sapwood. Weighs about 45 lbs. per cubic foot. Used for fuel, tool handles, and levers. DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS-The American Hornbeam, also '^"^^T^. *J. *^J ^® Beech™onw^. and Water Beech, may be distinguished by its vertical, ^^^^^'f'^l^^.f'^l^ smooth bark The leaf-like 3-lobed bract with its corrugated nut is also characteristic. The Umlnate catkins remain in the bud during the winter, while those of the ^™7^;«" ^^^J^^^,"^ beam are developed in autumn. It resen^bles the American Beech, ^^^ ««"//^^"J.^^^^ ^and^har,^ from it by its corrugated bark and the absence of the long, slender, conical ^"d shar^ pointed buds so characteristic of the Beech. The buds are usually doxvny at *»»« «P^^ J^^^'^^ SJose of the American Hop Hornbeam are smooth and slightly gummy within. The autumnal color of the leaves is brilliant orange to deep scarlet. RANGE—Nova Scotia to Florida, west to Minnesota and Texas. DISTRIBUTION IN PENNSYLVANIA-Found locally throughout the State and frequently abundant in localities where wet sites are plentiful. HABITAT-Usually found in swamps and on the border of streams, whence its name Water Be^c^ In Penn^lvania it is found in the valleys, along streams, in swamps, and in similar habitats on the mountain flats and on moist, fertile mountain slopes. IMPORTANCE OF THE SPECIES—The American Hornbeam on account of its small size, slow ero^hJnd preference for wet locations is of little commercial importance. It cannot be flc^mended ?or forestry purposes but Is attractive as an ornamental tree on account of its flutedTarrpeculiar branching, and the beautiful orange and scarlet autumnal foliage.
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PLATE XLIX. AMERICAN HORNBEAM 1. FloweriiiK branch -with iiimiatiirc Icavrs, (s) stiiniiiial.- tluwors, (p) iiistillatc llnwcis, x ). 2. Branch with nialnro loavt-s ami fruit, x >.. A. A nut with .subtendinK: iirai't. slightly .iilarKid. 4. Nut witli l)ract removed, •Milars<'d. ."». A wintor branchlot, x A. U. Soction of wintor twls, fnlarscd.

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