File:Bulletin (Pennsylvania Department of Forestry), no. 11 (1901) (20314826580).jpg

Title: Bulletin (Pennsylvania Department of Forestry), no. 11
Identifier: bulletinpennsylv11pennx (find matches)
Year: 1901 (1900s)
Authors: Pennsylvania. Dept. of Forestry
Subjects: Forests and forestry
Publisher: Harrisburg, Pa. : The Department : WM. Stanley Ray, state printer of Pennsylvania
Contributing Library: Penn State University
Digitizing Sponsor: Lyrasis Members and Sloan Foundation

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4. tj. 7. 8. PLATE XCIX. STAGHORN SUMACH Brancli with a flower panicle and mature leaves, x h. A staniinate flower, enlarged. A pistillate flower, enlarged. An erect cone-like fiuit cluster, x J. A single liairy fruit, fiilarsed. .\ Ijairy winter twii^r, x J. A bud almost surrounded hy a leaf-scar witb Uuudle-ticarii, eolarged. A leaf-scar enlarged. 191 STAGHORN SUMACH Rhus typhina, Linnaeus FORMâA Bhrub or small tree usually reaching a height of 10 20 ft. but may reach a height of 40 ft. with a diameter of 16 inches. Trunk usually short, bearing a broad flat-topped crown. Lateral branches are decidedly ascending. BARKâOn old trunks rough, dark brown, sometimes scaly; on younger trunks and branches â mooth, thin, somewhat papery, covered with numerous lenticels which later develop into rough dots. Rich in tannin. TWIGSâCovered for 3 years with brown to black velvety pubescence, later smooth, stout, clumsy; If cut or panctured exude a milky juice, which turns black upon exposure. Twigs are often frozen back in winter. They are covered with conspicuous orange-colored lenticels, and contain a large yellowish-brown pith. BTTDSâAlternate; terminal bud absent; conical, spherical obtuse, covered with dense rusty hairs. LEAVESâAlternate, compound, 16-24 inches long, with stout wingless petiole and 11-31 leaflets. Leaflets oblong, 2-5 Inches long, nearly sessile, acute at apex, serrate on margin, rounded or henrt-shaped at base; when mature smooth, dark green above, and pale beneath. LEAF-SCARSâAlternate, nearly encircle bud, large, conspicuous, U-shaped, contain scattered bundle-Bcars sometimes grouped In Ss. FLOWERSâAppear In May or June. Occur In dense yellowish-green panicles. Staminate panicles are about 8-12 inches long and 5-6 inches broad. Pistillate panicles are only 5-8 Inches long but more compact. FRXTITâArranged In compact, erect, cone-like, red clusters which are 5-8 Inches long. 2-3 Inches broad and persist far Into winter. Only plants bearing pistillate flowers P'o^uce fruit. The single fruit Is a spherical drupe covered with red hairs and contains a small hard seed. Sumachs with red fruit are not poisonous. WOODâRing porous; brittle, soft, orange-colored, streaked with green, rather satiny to touch. Sapwood broad and white. Weighs 27 lbs. per cubic foot. Used for manufacture of spiles, cups, napkin rings, and balls for darning stockings. DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICSâThe Staghom Sumach, also known as Velvet Sumach, can be distinguished from all our native Sumachs by Its velvety pubescent twigs The Smooth Sumach (Rhus glabra L.) Is usually smaller and has its twigs covered with a Woom but not with pubescence. The Dwarf Sumach (Rhus copallina) has winged petlo es and a ^^^jyJ^^^ while the Staghom Sumach has no winged leaf-petioles but has a milky juice. The Poison Sumach has a terminal bud, white drooping fruit, entire leaf-margins, leaf-scars wWch do not encircle buds, and frequents swamps, while the Staghorn Sumach has no tennlnal bud, has red and erect fruit clusters, serrate leaf-margins, leaf-scars which almost encircle buds, and frequents dry soils. RANGEâNew Brunswick to Minnesota, and southward to (Jeorgla and Alabama. DISTRIBUTION IN PENNSYLVANIAâLocally throughout the State. Very common In eastern and southern parts. Rarer in northern and western parts. HABITAT-Usually found on fertile dry upland soil. Rarer on borders of swamps and streams. Frequents abandoned fields and fences. IMPORTANCE OF THE SPECIES-The Staghorn Sumach Is of little commercial '"/P^^*""^^- The^o^ is rarely used. The bark of the stem and roots, and the leaves are rich In tannin. It Is occasionally planted for ornamental purposes. INTENTIONAL SECOND EXPOSURE

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