File:Bulletin (Pennsylvania Department of Forestry), no. 11 (1901) (20314551778).jpg

Title: Bulletin (Pennsylvania Department of Forestry), no. 11
Identifier: bulletinpennsylv11pennx (find matches)
Year: 1901 (1900s)
Authors: Pennsylvania. Dept. of Forestry
Subjects: Forests and forestry
Publisher: Harrisburg, Pa. : The Department : WM. Stanley Ray, state printer of Pennsylvania
Contributing Library: Penn State University
Digitizing Sponsor: Lyrasis Members and Sloan Foundation

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133 PLATE LIV. CHINQUAPIN 1. A flowering branch with leaves, x *. 1.'. A fruiting branch with mature leaves, x A. :5. A nut, X i. 4, A winter branch, x i. .'i. A section of winter linnich, enlnrgetl. CHINQUAPIN Castanea pumila, (Linnaeus) Miller FORK—A gmall tree or shrub utmally attaining a height of 20-30 ft., but may reach a height of 50 ft. with a diameter of 3 feet. In Pennsylvania seldom exceeds 20 ft. in height and often is only 3-5 ft. in height. Pennsylvania is the northern limit of its distribution. Trunlc is usually short and crown roundish. BABE—May attain a thickness of one inch, uerually fissured and broken into light reddish- brown loose plate-like scales. On branches and young trunks rather smooth, dark grayish-brown. TWIGS—Slender, at first pnle woolly, later pubescent, finally smoother, reddish-brown to dark-brown; covered with numerous lenticels. BUDS—^Alternate, axillary; terminal bud absent; ovoid, blunt-pointed, about ; of an inch long; covered with scurfy red scales. LEAVES—Alternate, simple, oblong, thick, firm, straight-veined, sharp-pointed at apex, sharply toothed on margin, yellowish-green and smooth on ypper surface, pale green and whitish-downy beneath. LEAF-SCABS—S«mi-oval, somewhat raised; with scattered, occasionally clustered, rather in- conspicuous bundle-scars. FLOWEBS—^Appear in May or June in more or less spreading antents. Stamlnate occur In crowded clusters along ament; pistillate are grouped at base of upper aments in ovoid, prickly involucres. FBTTIT—Matures in September or October. A bur covered with numerous stlflf spines and containing usually 1, seldom 2, ovoid bright brown and sweet nuts with a more or less hairy apex. WOOD—Ring-porous; with indistinct medullary rays; hard, strong, brown, durable, rich in tannic acid; splits easily. Weighs about 28 lbs. per cubic foot. Used for fence posts, rails, and railroad ties. DISTINaUISHINO CHARACfTEBISTICS—The Chinquapin is a little brother of the Chestnut which one may see by comi)aring their characteristic fruit. It can be distinguished from the Chestnut by its smaller size, its whitish down on lower surface of leaf-blades, its smaller scurfy red buds, and smaller burs containing usually one nut. It is found only in the southern part of the State. BANOE—^New Jersey and Pennsylvania to Florida, Missouri, and Texas. DISTBIBUTION IN PENNSYLVANIA—Locally in a few counties In the southern part of the State. Known to occur in the counties of Franklin, Adams, York, Lancaster, Cumberland, and Chester. HABITAT—^Usually found on dry, snndy slopes, rather fertile hillsides, and margins of ponds and streams. IMPOBTANCE OF THE SPECIES—Tlie Chinquapin is of no commercial importance in this State on account of its small size and Its limited distribution. It is very attractive as an ornamental shrub and yields delicious nuts. INTENTIONAL SECOND EXPOSURE

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