File:Bulletin (Pennsylvania Department of Forestry), no. 11 (1901) (20314430498).jpg

Title: Bulletin (Pennsylvania Department of Forestry), no. 11
Identifier: bulletinpennsylv11pennx (find matches)
Year: 1901 (1900s)
Authors: Pennsylvania. Dept. of Forestry
Subjects: Forests and forestry
Publisher: Harrisburg, Pa. : The Department : WM. Stanley Ray, state printer of Pennsylvania
Contributing Library: Penn State University
Digitizing Sponsor: Lyrasis Members and Sloan Foundation

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109 m PLATE XXXVII. BLACK WALNUT. 1 Branch with devtlopinK leav.s and (s) thrco s. lltar.v ratkins ..f staniinate flowers and (P) a spike with three pistillate flowers, x A. 2 A staminate flower, slightly enlarged. 3. A pistillate flower, slightly enlarged. 4. A branch with a mature leaf and trult, x J. scars and notched upper surface, slightly enlarged, o: TeSlllnS'^S or^Slater^tiig showing leaf-.car and tcmilnal bud with bud-scales, slightly eularged. BLACK WALNUT Juglans nigra, Linnaeus FORM—A large tree, uwiaUy attalntasr a height of 80-100 ft. with a diameter of 2-3 ft but may reach a height of 180 ft. with a diameter of 6-8 feet. Trunk usually straight clean slightly tapering, bearing a round-topped crown. ' ' BAEK—Seml-flbrous, thick, rough, longitudinally and occasionally dlagonaUy Assured Outer bark dark brown to grayish-black. Inner bark light colored, but turns yellow upon exposure. See fjg. 102. TWiaS—nAt first hairy, later smooth, orange-brown to dark brown, stOMt, covered with rather Inconspicuous, Bomewhat raised lenticels; pith light brown, chambered. BUDS—Alternate, covered with thick, pubescent scales. Terminal buds usually less than i of an inch long, flattened, ovate, blunt-pointed. Lateral buds usually less than 1/6 of an inch long, obtuse at apex, often superposed. LEAVES—Alternate, compound with 13-23 leaflets. Leaflets 8-4 inches long, oblique at base, acute at apex, serrate on margin, almost sessile and arranged opposite or alternate to each other. LEAF-SCABS—Alternate, large, 3-lobed, often heart-sliaped, raised; upper margin notched In which an axillary bud is often located. Bundle-scars grouped in three clusters, arranged in a U-shaped line. FI/)WEXS—Appear in May when the leaves are about half-developed. Staminate and pis- tillate flowers are separate, but occur on same tree and usually on same branch. Staminate arranged in unbranched catkins. Pistillate produced in 2-5 flowered spikes. FKUIT—A sculptured nut with a fleshy indehlscent covering. Nut round, very rough, 1-2 Inches in diameter, occurs solitary, In pairs, sometimes In 3s; contains an edible somewhat oily kernel. WOOD—Diflfuse jwrous with a ring-porous tendency; medullary rays Inconspicuous; rich dark brown, very durable, hard, strong, splits easily, takes glue well. Weighs 38 lbs, per cubic foot. Used In furniture, interior flnishlngs, musical Instruments, automobiles, sewing machines, flre-arms. ^ DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTIOS—The Black Walnut, also known as Walnut, some- what resembles the Butternut or White Walnut but bears little resemblance to other trees. It may be distinguished from the Butternut by its Ught brown chambered ptth, shorter and less flattened terminal buds, darker bark, larger size, more globose nut. notched upper margins of leaf-scars, and the absence of a hairy fringe above the leaf-scar. RANGE—New England and New York to Minnesota, and south to Florida. DISTEIBTJTION IN PENNSYLVANIA—Local throughout the State in rich bottomlands and on fertile hillsides. Very rare in the northern part, where it is entirely absent over large areas. EABITAT—Prefers rich moist soil. Bequires plenty of light and deep soil since it is evi- dently tap-rooted. It does not thrive in the uOTthem part of the State. It is generally absent throughout the cold Black Forest region of Pennsylvania. The Butternut extends farther northward and grows at higher altitudes. IMPOBTANCE OF THE SPECIES—The Black Walnut is one of the most valuable timber trees native to this State. It reaches a large size, is attractive ornamentally, and produces wood valuable for its color, figure, and the fine polish which it takes. The nuts are highly prized. Forest grown trees rarely produce much fruit. Open grown trees produce abundant fruit and often highly figured wood.

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