File:Bulletin (Pennsylvania Department of Forestry), no. 11 (1901) (20314383060).jpg

Title: Bulletin (Pennsylvania Department of Forestry), no. 11
Identifier: bulletinpennsylv11pennx (find matches)
Year: 1901 (1900s)
Authors: Pennsylvania. Dept. of Forestry
Subjects: Forests and forestry
Publisher: Harrisburg, Pa. : The Department : WM. Stanley Ray, state printer of Pennsylvania
Contributing Library: Penn State University
Digitizing Sponsor: Lyrasis Members and Sloan Foundation

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m . PLATE XXXV. COTTONWOOD 1. A staniinato floworing branch, x h- 2. A staininate flower, enlarged. a. A pistillate flowering branch, x J. 4. A pistillate flower, enlarged. r>. A fruiting catkin with capsules, x ). (). A seed with hairs, enlarged. 7. A branch with mature foliage, x i. 8. A winter twig, x i. 9. Section of a winter twig, enlarged. COTTONWOOD Populus deltoides, Marshall FOBM-^ large tree uroally 60-75 ft. high but may reach a height of more than 100 ft. with a diameter of 6 feet. Trunk tapering, continuous, sometimes clean for a considerable distance from the ground. Crown usually high and pyramidal. Lower lateral branches hori- zontal, while most of the upper branches are decldely ascending. The largest Cottonwood in PennaylTanla is shown in Fig. SO. BARK—On old trunks thick, ashy-gray roughened by long deep furrows which are usually longitudinally parallel, and often connect with one another. Rather thin, smooth, and greenish- yellow on younger tmnks. TwIOS—Stout, usually yellow tinged with green or brown, round or ridged below the buds; covered with Urge, longitudinally-elongated lentlcels; pith white and angular. B'^*—Alternate, large, resinous, glossy, smooth, chestnut-brown, covered with numerous bud-scales which are sticky, resinous on the Interior and smooth on the exterior. Terminal buds often 5-angled and larger than lateral ones; lateral buds usually divergent and often recurved. LEAYES—Alternate, simple, broadly deltoid, truncate to wedge shaped at base, acuminate at KptXt coarsely serrate on margin, 3-5 inches long, thick, deep shining green above, pale green below. Leaf-stalks laterally flattened. LEAF-SOAKS—Alternate, large, lunate, elevated, depressed on upper margin, sometimes 3-lobed; with 8 bundle-scars. Stipule-scars dark and conspicuous. FLOWERS—Appear about March or April. Stamlnate and pistillate flowers occur on different trees. The stamlnate are arranged in drooping amenta 3-4 Inches long and are densely flowered; the pistillate occur In drooping aments 2i-3i inches long and sparsely flowered. FRXriT—A drooping ament bearing dark green 3-4 valved capsules which contain small seeds surrounded with a mat or long white hairs. Fruiting aments 8-12 Inehes long. WOOD—DifToset-porous; with very Indistinct rays; pores in early wood visible to unaided eyes; heartwood dark brown; sapwood wide and white; wood is soft, warps easily, and is difficult to split. Weight about 23 lbs. per cubic foot. Used for paper pulp, boxes, crates, berry boxes, pails, and tubs. DISTINGXTISHINa CHARACTERISTICS—The Cottonwood, also known as Carolina Poplar, Cotton Tree, and Whitewood may readily be distinguished at any season of the year by its lateral branches, which have a tendency to ascend like the Lombardy Poplar (Fig. 57), and by its yellowish twigs which often have prominent ridges, running down from the leaf-scars. The buds are larger, more resinous, and often more flattened than those of any other member of this genus; usually divergent and often Incurved. The leaves are very characteristic since they have laterally flattened leaf-stalks, are deltoid in outline, truncate at the base and long- pointed at the apex. The pores in the early wood are visible to the unaided eye while those of the American and Large-toothed Aspens are not visible. RAVOE—Quebec and Ontario south to Florida, west to the Rocky Mountains. DISTRIBUTION IK PEKVSTLVAKIA—Natural distribution is very limited. Reported from Presque Isle, BrlCf county, and from Lancaster county. Locally escapes cultivation. Planted ex- tensively for ornamental purposes and in a few plantations for forestry purposes. A large plantation is frowing near Hollidaysburg in Blair county. HABITAT—Prefers rich moist soil, like banks of streams, borders of lakes, and seml-swamps. nCPORTAirCE OF THE SPECIES—The Cottonwood Is planted extensively as an ornamental tree but as such it has few merits except its rapid growth, rather attractive form in winter, and the pleasant balsamic odor from Its coated young developing leaves. It is well adapted to wet locations and may be planted where other more valuable trees will not grow. It grows rapidly, and produces an excellent pulp-wood. This tree is known to grow 5 feet in a single year and 40 fdet In 10 years. Cuttings taken from trees and placed in the grotmd grow very readily. When planted in the streets its roots often lift pavements, and clog drains and sewers. It is not adapted for street planting.

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