File:Bulletin (Pennsylvania Department of Forestry), no. 11 (1901) (19881995413).jpg

Title: Bulletin (Pennsylvania Department of Forestry), no. 11
Identifier: bulletinpennsylv11pennx (find matches)
Year: 1901 (1900s)
Authors: Pennsylvania. Dept. of Forestry
Subjects: Forests and forestry
Publisher: Harrisburg, Pa. : The Department : WM. Stanley Ray, state printer of Pennsylvania
Contributing Library: Penn State University
Digitizing Sponsor: Lyrasis Members and Sloan Foundation

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11 III 192 DWARF SUMACH Rhus copallina, Linnaeus FORM—A small shrub rnrely more than 6-8 ft. tall; becomes a tree only in Arkansas and Texas. BARK—Rather thin, light to reddish-browTi, often 8tiHM)th; on older specimens may peel off into papery layers, frequently roughened by large, elervated, bro^vnlsh projections. TWIGS—At first hairy, somewhat zigzag and greenish-rod; later smooth, reddish-brown, and roughened by prominent leaf-scars and large d.irk-coiored lenticels; frequently roughened by large elevated rugopities. BUDS—Alternate; terminal bud absent; axillary, small, spherical, covered with rusty brown pubescence. ^ LEAVES—Alternate, oomijound, 6-12 inches long, with winged petioles and 9-21 leaflets. Leaflets ovate-lanceolate, acute at apex, often unequal and wedge-shaped at base, entire on margin except near apex where h few serrate teeth may be found, usually smooth above and pubescent below. LEAF-SCARS—Alternate, broadly crescent-shaped to inversely triangular; partly surround buds; contain a few clusters of bundle-stars often occurring in 3s. FLOWERS—Appear about July. Produced in axillary or terminal panicles. Staminate and pistillate usually occur on different plants. FRUIT—Matures about 5-6 weeks after flowers. Usually arranged in dense, stout, pubescent, often persistent, red clusters. The individual fruit is spherical, about i of an inch across, covered with a hairy red coat and contains a smooth orange-colored seed. WOOD—DiflTuse-porous; soft, coarse-grained, light brown, richly striped with yellow and black. Weight and uses are about the same as the Staghom Sumach. DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICS—The Dwarf Sumach, also known as Mountain Sumach can be distiiiguislird from our other native species of sumach by its winged leaf-petioles and its leaflets which are entire-margined except near the apex. Its branches contain a watery juice while the branches of the Staghorn and Smooth Sumach contain a milky juice. Its branches are roughened by conspicuous raised lenticels while those of the Smooth Sumac are covered with a bloom and those of the Staghom Sumach with a velvety pubescence. It has neither terminal buds nor white fruit like the Poison Sumach. RANGE—Mkiine to Florida, west to Nebraska and Texas. DISTRIBUTION IN PENNSYLVANIA—Local, often common, throughout the State. HABITAT—Common on dry hillsides and ridges. Occasional on rich bottomlands. Frequents abandoned fields. IMPORTANCE OF THE SPECIES—The Dwarf Sumach is naerely a shrub east of the Mississippi and consequently of no commercial importance. It may be utilized in landscape gardening on account of its dwarf form and attractive autumnal foliage. It reaches tree-size in Arkansas and Texas.
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