File:Bulletin (Pennsylvania Department of Forestry), no. 11 (1901) (19881299223).jpg

Title: Bulletin (Pennsylvania Department of Forestry), no. 11
Identifier: bulletinpennsylv11pennx (find matches)
Year: 1901 (1900s)
Authors: Pennsylvania. Dept. of Forestry
Subjects: Forests and forestry
Publisher: Harrisburg, Pa. : The Department : WM. Stanley Ray, state printer of Pennsylvania
Contributing Library: Penn State University
Digitizing Sponsor: Lyrasis Members and Sloan Foundation

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78 RED PINE Pinus resinosa, Alton FORB^-Usually from 50-76 ft. in heigrht with a diameter of 2-8 ft. but reacliing a maximum height of 140 ft. with a diameter of 4) ft. The largest Red Pine trees in Pennsylvania probably stand on a mountain top below Driftwood in Cameron County. In closed stands trunk is traight, tall, slightly-tapering, and free from lateral branches for a considerable distance from the baae, while in open stands the lateral branches extend nearly to the base and the trunk is often branched and strongly-tapered. Crown usually broad, irregular, pyramidal, with dark green foliage tufted at the ends of the branches. See Figure 63. BAEKâReddish-brown, J-li inches thick, divided by shallow furrows into broad flat ridges which peel off in thin scales. See Figure 66. TWIGSâStout, slightly roughened by persistent bases of bud-scales; at first yellowish-brown, later reddish-brown. BUDSâOvoid, pointed, i-i of an inch long. Btid-scales brown, thin, loose, and fringed on the margin. LEAVESâIn sheathed clusters of 2, 4-6 inches long dark green, rather slender and flexible, sharp, persisting for 8-5 years. FLOWERSâAppear in May. Stamlnate flowers are about ) of an Inch long, occur in dense clusters at base of growth of season, have dark purple anthers. Pistillate flowers are sub- terminal, 2 to 3 in a whorl, short-stalked, scarlet. rRUITâA cone about 2 inches long, nearly sessile, light brown, ovate-conical when closed and somewhat spherical when open, persisting until the following year. Cone-scales chestnut- brown with ends slightly thickened and transversely ridged but not armed with spines or prickles. WOODâNon-pon>us; resinous, hard, pale red, with thin light sapwood, and very conspicuous medullary rays. Weiglis 30 lbs. per cubic foot. Green wood is very heavy and will sink. Used for heavy construction, piles, masts, in general for nearly all other purposes for which White Pine is used. DISTINGinSHING CHARACTERISTICSâThe Red Pine, also known as Norway Pine, is es- sentially a northern tree and is the only native Pine of Pennsylvania with needles 4-6 inches long, sheathed in clusters of 2. Its cones are about 2 Inches long, subterminal, and bear scales which are not armed with spines or prickles. The needles are borne in tufts at the ends of branches. RANGEâDistinctly a northern tree occurring from Nova Scotia and Quebec on the north to Pennsylvania on the south, and west to aiUnnesota. DISTRIBUTION IN PENNSYLVANIA^âFound only in the northern part of the State. Its southern limit in the central part of the State is about at Williamsport. A small stand was recently located near Selinsgrovo in Snyd«- county. A single tree of natural origin has been re- ported as growing near Charter Oak in Huntingdon county. In the eastern and western parts it does not come as far south as in the central part. Found In Bradford, Cameron, Centre, Clinton, Lackawanna, Lycoming, Luzerne, McKean, Potter, Snyder, Susquehanna, Tioga, Wayno, and Wyoming counties. The York Water Company has planted more than 300,000 Red Pine on the watershed about its reservoir, and 1,180,000 have been set out on the State Forests of Pennsylvania. HABITATâ^Usually found on dry gravelly ridges, mountain-tops, and dry sandy plains. Rare on flat lands with wet clay soil. IMPORTANCE OF THE SPECIESâThe Red Pine is a valuable timber tree usually mixed with other trees, but occasionally found in dense pure stands in Minnesota. This tree is remarkably well adapted to natural seed regeneration since it produces a great quantity of light, large- winged seeds which are readily dissemJnated by the wind, and does not shed all its seeds at the same time. It readily adapts itself to variable conditions, is attractive ornamentally, and should be regenerated naturally where seed trees are at hand and artifically upon such areas where it will thrive.
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PLATE XIV. RED PINE I. ItraiK-li Avitli iii'odli's and tcnniuiil II. A <'liist<'r of two needles, x J. .â (. Hnim'h Avitli needles and cones, x 4. Lower side of an unarmed cone '». rpi»er side of a eone seale with Ij. A Avinged seed, natural size. 7. A seed, natural size. 8. A seedling, x A. fluster of buds, x J. scale, natural size, two winded s. <â¢( I-, natural size

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