File:Bulletin (Pennsylvania Department of Forestry), no. 11 (1901) (19880923593).jpg

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Title: Bulletin (Pennsylvania Department of Forestry), no. 11
Identifier: bulletinpennsylv11penx (find matches)
Year: 1901 (1900s)
Authors: Pennsylvania. Dept. of Forestry
Subjects: Forests and forestry
Publisher: Harrisburg, Pa. : The Department : WM. Stanley Ray, state printer of Pennsylvania
Contributing Library: Penn State University
Digitizing Sponsor: Lyrasis Members and Sloan Foundation

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Text Appearing Before Image:
170 COCKSPUR THORN. Crataegus Crus-galli, Linnaeus. GENUS DESCRIPTIONâThe genus Crataegus has the center of Its distribution in eastern North America. It renohes Its best development in the great limestone formations rather common in this part of America. Prior to 1900 fewer than 75 species were known in the world of which numbor about 30 were native to North America. At the present time about 700 species of trees and shrubs belonging to this genus have been described. In the State of New York alone 218 spoclos have been described. Porter in his Flora of Pennsylvania published In 1903 records 16 species as native to this State. Only 2 species are described in this bulletin because they are practically of no commercial Importance and very difficult to identify. FORMâA small tree sometimes reaching a height of 25 ft. with a diameter of 10-12 Inches. Trunk short, bearing stout and spreading branches which form a broad and rather flat crown. BARKâGrayish to reddish-brown, somptimrs roughened by small scales. TWIGSâSmooth, rather slender, at first greenish, later light brown to gray, usually bearing straight or slightly curved and unbranched chestnut-brown thorns about 3 inches long. BUDSâAlternate, i of an Inch long, often almost spherical, very blunt-pointed; terminal bud usuplly present and about the same size as the laterals. Lateral accessory buds are often found at the base of a thorn. Buds are covered with numerous, thick, blunt-pointed, chestnut- brown scales, LEAVESâAlternate, simple, obovate to elliptical, 1-3 inches long, long-tapering at base, rounded or short-pointed at apex, sharply serrate on margin except towards base; smooth, thick, and shiny on the upper surface when full grown. Petioles short and broad. LEAF-SCARSâAlternate, more than 2-ranked, small, crescent-shaped, scars. containing 3 bundle- FLOWERSâ-Appear about June when leaves are fully developed, about 8 of an l«ch across and arranged in smooth corymbs. They are perfect, white. FRUITâRipens about September but persists into winter. A globose or pear-like pome, about 2/5 of an inch long, greenish or dull red, with persistent calyx lobes at apex, containing small nutlets which are rounded at the ends and 2-3 grooved on the back. WOODâDiffuse-porous; rays very Inconspicuous; growth rings variable in width and wavy; heavy, hard, reddish-brown, close-grained. Weighs about 45 lbs. per cubic foot. Used for fence posts and fuel. DISTINGUISHING CHARACTERISTICSâThe Cockspur Thorn, somotinies also known s Newcastle Thorn, Thorn Apple, Thorn, Hawthorn, and Haw, can best be recognized by it-^ long, usually unbranched chestnut-brown thorns, its small nearly spherical buds, its obovate to elliptical leaves with short and flattened petioles, its flowers which are arranged in corymbs, and its bright, scarlet, apple-like fruit which often persists far Into winter. RANGEâSouthern Canada southward through Connecticut and Virginia to northern Georgia, westward to Michigan, Missouri, and Alabama. DISTRIBUTION IN PENNSYLVANIAâCommon in the eastern and southern parts of the State. Local In the other parts. HABITATâCommon on sandy and gravelly soil. Most frequent on the foothills. IMPORTANCE OF THE SPECIESâThis species is of no commercial importance as a forest tree. It Is, however, an attractive small tree which has been planted rather extensively fur ornamental purposes. It is very variable in its form, leaves, flowers, and fruit. It has been planted as u hedge and In some cases has proved equal to the general requirements. The thorns were formerly used to close woolen sacks in carding mills. >-
Text Appearing After Image:
PLATE LXXXVIII. COCKSPUR THORN. 1. A ttowi-rinvT brauHi. x i- â V iVgKuS "«"1.." o< a flower, natural size. 3. A Iruitinj? braiu-li, x a^ 4. Section of a fnnt, x i;. I: i,^L';,'r,,.'"^'\.rSrii:.«^im .l...rns ..«. l,u.s at .l...;r l,aâ.». ,â â,««.,

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https://www.flickr.com/photos/internetarchivebookimages/19880923593/

Author Pennsylvania. Dept. of Forestry
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Volume
InfoField
11
Flickr tags
InfoField
  • bookid:bulletinpennsylv11penx
  • bookyear:1901
  • bookdecade:1900
  • bookcentury:1900
  • bookauthor:Pennsylvania_Dept_of_Forestry
  • booksubject:Forests_and_forestry
  • bookpublisher:Harrisburg_Pa_The_Department_WM_Stanley_Ray_state_printer_of_Pennsylvania
  • bookcontributor:Penn_State_University
  • booksponsor:Lyrasis_Members_and_Sloan_Foundation
  • bookleafnumber:157
  • bookcollection:penn_state_univ
  • bookcollection:microfilm
  • bookcollection:americana
  • bookcollection:additional_collections
  • BHL Collection
Flickr posted date
InfoField
12 August 2015



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