File:Bulletin (Pennsylvania Department of Forestry), no. 11 (1901) (19879034464).jpg

Title: Bulletin (Pennsylvania Department of Forestry), no. 11
Identifier: bulletinpennsylv11pennx (find matches)
Year: 1901 (1900s)
Authors: Pennsylvania. Dept. of Forestry
Subjects: Forests and forestry
Publisher: Harrisburg, Pa. : The Department : WM. Stanley Ray, state printer of Pennsylvania
Contributing Library: Penn State University
Digitizing Sponsor: Lyrasis Members and Sloan Foundation

View Book Page: Book Viewer
About This Book: Catalog Entry
View All Images: All Images From Book
Click here to view book online to see this illustration in context in a browseable online version of this book.

Text Appearing Before Image:
21
Text Appearing After Image:
s o o c > m y. < o c H H O H H e H C C CI fa or by a combination of the following methods:—(1) Natural, where nature, aided to a limited extent by man, sows seeds and produces sprouts. (2) Artificial, where man sows the seeds or plants the seedlings. The former is usually spoken of as natural regeneration and the latter as artificial regeneration. In both methods nature does most of the work; but man helps nature more in the artificial method than in the natural method. Nature working through many centuries produced the original forest. We cannot wait for nature to produce another original forest on our forest soils. It will take too long. We may assist nature and attempt even to improve upon its way of doing things; but we must be careful that we do not de- viate too far from its methods for fear of being punished. In the case of artificial regeneration it is necessary to collect seeds from desirable trees. These collected seeds may be sown imme- diately or stored. If stored, they must be protected from such ani- mals as mice, squirrels and birds, and from drought. These seeds may be placed betw'een layers of sand to prevent drying out. Those seeds which are sown immediately may be sown directly upon the area where they are expected to germinate and establish themselves or they may be sown in beds in a nursery where they in time develop into seedlings. Direct sowing may be in the form of broadcasting, where the seeds are scattered rather uniformly over the area, or spot planting, where only isolated or scattered spots, often regularly spaced, are sown with seeds. The nurseries in which the seeds are sown may be permanent and located in the open, or temporary and located in the forest under the shelter of trees. The nursery is divided into a great number of beds which are usually about tw'enty-five feet long and four feet wide. The seeds may be sown in these beds in spring or fall, either by sow- ing them broadcast or in rills. Here the seeds germinate and after an incubation period of usually less than a month, but occasionally extending over a year, they appear above the ground. The germi- nation can sometimes be stimulated by soaking the seeds in water before planting. These young tender plants like children succumb very readily to adverse conditions. Consequently they must receive careful treatment and adequate protection while they remain in the nursery. They must receive protection from the intense sun, ex- cessive moisture, drought, weeds, fungi, and animals. The plants which develop from the sown seed may remain for one, two, or three years in the nursery. Those plants which remain for more than one year may be kept in the same place where the seeds which produced them were sown. If too dense they must be lifted and planted in another place where they will have more room. This process of lifting the seedlings and planting them again is known

Note About Images