File:Birds and nature (1900) (14568691810).jpg

Identifier: birdsnature721900chic (find matches)
Title: Birds and nature
Year: 1900 (1900s)
Authors:
Subjects: Birds Natural history
Publisher: Chicago, Ill. : A.W. Mumford, Publisher
Contributing Library: Smithsonian Libraries
Digitizing Sponsor: Smithsonian Libraries

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oots are collected, thejuice expressed and root evaporated tothe proper consistency for shipping.New crops are grown from cuttings ofthe rhizomes. There is an excellentquality of licorice grown in the vicinityof Smyrna, The principal commercialvarieties are grown in Spain, southernRussia, Turkey and Italy. Spanishand Russian litorice root is dried andshipped in bales or bundles. Spanishlicorice root is unpeeled and occurs inpieces several feet in length. Russianlicorice is usually peeled. Most of thelicorice used in the United States isobtained from Italy, Russia, and Ger-many. Some of the licorice foundupon the market is quite fragmentaryand very dirty. The licorice raised inEngland is intended for home con-sumption and is placed upon the mar-ket in both the fresh and dried state.The fresh roots have an earthy andsomewhat nauseous odor. The peel, orbark, of the roots contains tannic acidand a resinous oil, both of which areundesirable; hence the peeled article isusually preferred. 86
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LICORICE. CHICAGO:,\* W. MUMFORO PUBLiaHB The characteristically sweet taste ofthe licorice roots and rhizomes is dueto glycyrrhi^in and some sugar. Gly-cyrrhizin is a glucoside which splits upinto glucose, a substance closely akinto sugar, and glycyrretin, a bitter sub-stance. The extract of licorice is pre-pared by crushing the fresh roots orrhizomes, then boiling repeatedly inwater, expressing and then condensingthe sap in copper kettles until it isquite hard when cooled. In Calabriathe condensed juice, while still warmand pliable, is rolled into sticks andstamped with the name of the localitywhere it was prepared. In those coun-tries where the fresh roots cannot beobtained the dried roots are crushedand then treated as above, The lico-rice sticks prepared in this country usu-ally have stamped upon them the in-itials of the manufacturing firm. Muchof the evaporated juice is also placedupon the market in large lumps ormasses. The pure licorice extract,prepared as indicated above, is

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