File:Biological soil crust (19908964104).jpg

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DescriptionBiological soil crust (19908964104).jpg	Slightly lifted from the soil, here you can see the broken edge of a biological soil crust. The sandy soil surface is glued together by microorganisms which prevent erosion and benefit the soil in many ways. Soil crusts are especially important in arid areas because there is less plant cover and more "bare" soil in-between. Physical processes also contribute to crusting of the soil and that is evident here too (smaller clay particles at the top, from nearby claypan). This particular crust was found in Diamantina National Park, Australia, which receives around 200 mm rain per year. The strands hanging down are probably of microbial origin, either cyanobacteria or fungi, and they reveal part of the internal crust structure which is tightly bound together with microbial filaments and sticky polysaccharide exudate. Most biological soil crusts are photosynthetic like plants, and sometimes they will turn green after wetting.
Date	19 July 2015, 04:34
Source	Biological soil crust
Author	David Elliott from UK

Camera location	23° 47′ 00.86″ S, 141° 00′ 42.45″ E	View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMap	-23.783573; 141.011791

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This image was originally posted to Flickr by drelliott0net at https://flickr.com/photos/127994275@N08/19908964104. It was reviewed on 10 August 2023 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0.

10 August 2023

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	Date/Time	Thumbnail	Dimensions	User	Comment
current	12:07, 10 August 2023		3,112 × 2,337 (1.41 MB)	Fabe56 (talk \| contribs)	Transferred from Flickr via #flickr2commons

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This file contains additional information such as Exif metadata which may have been added by the digital camera, scanner, or software program used to create or digitize it. If the file has been modified from its original state, some details such as the timestamp may not fully reflect those of the original file. The timestamp is only as accurate as the clock in the camera, and it may be completely wrong.

Image title	Slightly lifted from the soil, here you can see the broken edge of a biological soil crust. The sandy soil surface is glued together by microorganisms which prevent erosion and benefit the soil in many ways. Soil crusts are especially important in arid areas because there is less plant cover and more "bare" soil in-between. Physical processes also contribute to crusting of the soil and that is evident here too (smaller clay particles at the top, from nearby claypan). This particular crust was found in Diamantina National Park, Australia, which receives around 200 mm rain per year. The strands hanging down are probably of microbial origin, either cyanobacteria or fungi, and they reveal part of the internal crust structure which is tightly bound together with microbial filaments and sticky polysaccharide exudate. Most biological soil crusts are photosynthetic like plants, and sometimes they will turn green after wetting.
Camera manufacturer	Panasonic
Camera model	DMC-GX1
Author	David Elliott
Copyright holder	David Elliott
Exposure time	1/500 sec (0.002)
F-number	f/5
ISO speed rating	160
Date and time of data generation	04:34, 19 July 2015
Lens focal length	60 mm
Latitude	23° 47′ 0.86″ S
Longitude	141° 0′ 42.45″ E
Altitude	98.1 meters above sea level
Short title	Biological soil crust
City shown	Diamantina Lakes
Orientation	Normal
Horizontal resolution	240 dpi
Vertical resolution	240 dpi
Software used	Adobe Photoshop Lightroom 6.1 (Windows)
File change date and time	07:18, 13 August 2015
Exposure Program	Aperture priority
Exif version	2.3
Date and time of digitizing	04:34, 19 July 2015
APEX shutter speed	8.965784
APEX aperture	4.643856
APEX exposure bias	1.33
Maximum land aperture	2.97265625 APEX (f/2.8)
Metering mode	Pattern
Light source	Unknown
Flash	Flash did not fire, compulsory flash suppression
Focal plane X resolution	2,654.3352661133
Focal plane Y resolution	2,654.3352661133
Focal plane resolution unit	3
Sensing method	One-chip color area sensor
File source	Digital still camera
Scene type	A directly photographed image
Custom image processing	Normal process
Exposure mode	Auto exposure
White balance	Auto white balance
Digital zoom ratio	0
Focal length in 35 mm film	120 mm
Scene capture type	Standard
Scene control	Low gain up
Contrast	Normal
Saturation	Normal
Sharpness	Normal
GPS tag version	0.0.2.2
Lens used	OLYMPUS M.60mm F2.8 Macro
Rating (out of 5)	3
Date metadata was last modified	08:18, 13 August 2015
Unique ID of original document	087B4B7FFCC98B760B97D12A484D6104
Keywords	Australia Diamantina National Park Queensland Scientific record activity fieldwork information outback record sand sand dune
Contact information	http://drelliott.net , ,
Province or state shown	Queensland
Country shown	Australia
Code for country shown	AU
IIM version	4

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