File:Biohermal mound & draping beds (Fort Payne Formation, Lower Mississippian; Rt. 61 roadcut, north of Burkesville, Kentucky, USA) 1 (41517514805).jpg
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The Fort Payne Formation of southern Kentucky & Tennessee is a shale and limestone succession of Early Mississippian age. Fossils are common to abundant in many intervals. The unit is dominated by crinoids, which are sessile, benthic, filter-feeding, stalked echinoderms. Buildups, or "mounds", are common in the Fort Payne Formation. They are reef-like bioherms, composed of fossiliferous shale or fossiliferous limestone. The low mound at ground level in the above photo is one of these limestone buildups. Overlying beds are draped atop the mound, forming a pseudo-anticline. Fort Payne mounds have been compared with the famous Waulsortian reefs (Waulsortian mounds) of Europe, which have been reported from England, Ireland, Belgium, Germany, and also southern Kentucky, northern Tennessee, and New Mexico. The name "Waulsortian" comes from Belgium. Waulsortian mounds can be up to 1500 meters thick - they shape the modern topography, despite being Mississippian in age. The largest examples are in Ireland. Some Waulsortian mounds are mineralized with lead and zinc sulfides - Mississippi Valley-type deposits. They have no obvious framework and they consist of mud, rich with echinoderm debris (from crinoid and blastoid meadows). They were originally seafloor topographic highs - flanking beds and boulder beds can be found on the sides of the structures. The thick accumulations of calcareous mud seen in Waulsortian mounds are unexplained. They seem to be restricted to the Mississippian. They are possibly microbial buildups that became extinct before the Pennsylvanian. Waulsortian reefs are sometimes petroleum reservoirs in the British Isles - they have good porosity and good reservoir facies potential. For a summary of Fort Payne Formation mounds in the Burkesville, Kentucky area, see Krause & Meyer (2004). Stratigraphy: Fort Payne Formation, Osagean Stage/Series, upper Lower Mississippian Locality: Burkesville North Outcrop - Route 61 roadcut at milepost 23, way north of Burkesville, Kentucky, USA. (36° 54’ 08.08” North latitude, 85° 25’ 56.19” West longitude) Reference cited: Krause & Meyer (2004) - Sequence stratigraphy and depositional dynamics of carbonate buildups and associated facies from the Lower Mississippian Fort Payne Formation of southern Kentucky, U.S.A. Journal of Sedimentary Research 74: 831-844. |
| Date | |
| Source | Biohermal mound & draping beds (Fort Payne Formation, Lower Mississippian; Rt. 61 roadcut, north of Burkesville, Kentucky, USA) 1 |
| Author | James St. John |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by James St. John at https://flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/41517514805 (archive). It was reviewed on 12 October 2019 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
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| current | 04:07, 12 October 2019 | | 4,000 × 2,432 (4.99 MB) | Ser Amantio di Nicolao (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr via #flickr2commons |
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