File:Belgrade Fortress and the Danube river (13806612454).jpg
![File:Belgrade Fortress and the Danube river (13806612454).jpg](https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/a/a9/Belgrade_Fortress_and_the_Danube_river_%2813806612454%29.jpg/800px-Belgrade_Fortress_and_the_Danube_river_%2813806612454%29.jpg?20180209095541)
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Summary
[edit]DescriptionBelgrade Fortress and the Danube river (13806612454).jpg |
The Belgrade Fortress was built as a defensive structure on a ridge overlooking the confluence of the Sava and the Danube rivers during the period from the 2nd to the 18th century. Today the fortress is a unique museum of the history of Belgrade. The complex is made up of the Belgrade Fortress itself, divided into the Upper and Lower Town (Gornji/Donji Grad), and the Kalemegdan Park. Because of its exceptional strategic importance, a fortification — a Roman castrum — was erected here in the 2nd century AD, as a permanent military camp for the Fourth Flavian Legion. After being razed to the ground by the Goths and the Huns, the fortification was rebuilt in the first decades of the 6th century. Less than a century later it was demolished by the Avars and the Slavs. Around this fortification on the hill above the Sava and Danube confluence, the ancient settlement of Singidunum grew up, later to become the Slav settlement of Belgrade. The Belgrade Fortress has been demolished and rebuilt on numerous occasions. On top of the Roman walls stand Serbian ramparts and on top of them, Turkish and Austrian fortifications. In the 12th century the Byzantine Emperor Manuel I Comnenus built a new castle on the Roman ruins. During the first decades of the 14th century this small hill-top fortification was extended as far as the river banks. Under the rule of Despot Stefan Lazarević, Belgrade became the new capital of Serbia and was reinforced by the addition of extensive fortifications to the Upper and Lower Town. The Despot’s palace was built in the old castle, and a military harbour was added on the Sava river. An advanced mediaeval city developed within the ramparts. A new era began with the Austro-Turkish War. As a key fortification at the heart of the armed conflicts of the 18th century, the Fortress was rebuilt three times. Under the Austrian occupation from 1717 to 1739, and after the construction of new modern fortifications, the Belgrade Fortress was one of the most powerful military strongholds in Europe. It was built according to plans drawn up by Colonel Nicolas Doxat de Démoret, a Swiss serving in the Austrian army. Before the Turks returned to Belgrade in 1740 all the newly constructed fortifications were demolished. By the end of the 18th century the Belgrade fortress had taken on its final form. KALEMEGDAN Kalemegdan, today Belgrade’s most beautiful and largest park, was during the time that the Fortress was Belgrade’s main military stronghold, used to observe and await the enemy in battle. Consequently its name derives from the Turkish words kale meaning ‘fort’ and meydan meaning ‘square’ or ‘field’. The Turks also called Kalemegdan Fikir -bayır which means ‘hill for contemplation’. Kalemegdan contains the Keys of the Belgrade Fortress memorial, the Monument of Gratitude to France, the Cvijeta Zuzorić Art Pavilion, the Music Pavilion, the Great Steps (Veliko Stepenište), the Zoo, a children’s fun fair, and a number of monuments, sculptures, sports facilities, resturants and cafés. Belgrade Fortress today is a cultural property of great importance, and a venue for frequent cultural, artistic and entertainment events [Serbia.travel] |
Date | |
Source | Belgrade Fortress and the Danube river |
Author | Jorge Láscar from Melbourne, Australia |
Camera location | 44° 49′ 28.51″ N, 20° 26′ 58.11″ E ![]() | View this and other nearby images on: OpenStreetMap | ![]() |
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Licensing
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by Jorge Lascar at https://flickr.com/photos/8721758@N06/13806612454 (archive). It was reviewed on 9 February 2018 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
9 February 2018
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Date/Time | Thumbnail | Dimensions | User | Comment | |
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current | 09:55, 9 February 2018 | ![]() | 4,288 × 2,848 (6.92 MB) | Thesupermat2 (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr via Flickr2Commons |
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Camera manufacturer | NIKON CORPORATION |
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Camera model | NIKON D90 |
Exposure time | 1/250 sec (0.004) |
F-number | f/8 |
ISO speed rating | 200 |
Date and time of data generation | 17:56, 20 August 2012 |
Lens focal length | 20 mm |
Orientation | Normal |
Horizontal resolution | 300 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 300 dpi |
Software used | Ver.1.00 |
File change date and time | 17:56, 20 August 2012 |
Y and C positioning | Co-sited |
Exposure Program | Not defined |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 17:56, 20 August 2012 |
Meaning of each component |
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Image compression mode | 4 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 5 APEX (f/5.66) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Light source | Unknown |
Flash | Flash did not fire, auto mode |
DateTime subseconds | 00 |
DateTimeOriginal subseconds | 00 |
DateTimeDigitized subseconds | 00 |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Scene type | A directly photographed image |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Auto exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 30 mm |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Scene control | None |
Contrast | Normal |
Saturation | Normal |
Sharpness | Normal |
Subject distance range | Unknown |
GPS tag version | 2.2.0.0 |