File:Basaltic spatter 1 (40714297694).jpg
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Summary
[edit]DescriptionBasaltic spatter 1 (40714297694).jpg |
Basalt from the Jurassic of New Jersey, USA. (public display, Geology Department, Wittenberg University, Springfield, Ohio, USA) Igneous rocks form by the cooling & crystallization of hot, molten rock (magma & lava). If this happens at or near the land surface, or on the seafloor, they are extrusive igneous rocks. If this happens deep underground, they are intrusive igneous rocks. Most igneous rocks have a crystalline texture, but some are clastic, vesicular, frothy, or glassy. Basalt is a common extrusive igneous rock. It is the dominant rock in Earth’s upper oceanic crust. Black lava rocks seen at famous volcanoes such as Mt. Kilauea in Hawaii and Mt. Etna in Sicily are composed of basalt. Basalt has a mafic chemistry. This refers to igneous rocks that are generally dark-colored, have 45-55% silica (= SiO2 chemistry) (it has also been defined as 45 to 52% silica), are rich in iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), & calcium (Ca), and are dominated by the minerals plagioclase feldspar and pyroxene. Basalts have an aphanitic texture (finely crystalline; all or almost all crystals are <1 mm in size), the result of relatively quick cooling of lava. Some basalts are porphyritic or coarsely crystalline if the lava flow took time to cool & solidify (e.g., some Proterozoic basalt lavas in the Keweenaw Peninsula of Michigan's Upper Peninsula). The sample shown here consists of numerous pieces of "spatter" - blebs of basalt lava spewed from an erupting volcanic vent. Some small volcanoes, called "spatter cones", are entirely composed of this material. Locality: unrecorded/undisclosed |
Date | |
Source | Basaltic spatter 1 |
Author | James St. John |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by James St. John at https://flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/40714297694 (archive). It was reviewed on 10 October 2019 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
10 October 2019
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current | 00:22, 10 October 2019 | 2,644 × 2,046 (3.39 MB) | Ser Amantio di Nicolao (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr via #flickr2commons |
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Camera manufacturer | Canon |
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Camera model | Canon PowerShot D10 |
Exposure time | 1/60 sec (0.016666666666667) |
F-number | f/13 |
ISO speed rating | 125 |
Date and time of data generation | 13:08, 24 March 2018 |
Lens focal length | 14.303 mm |
Image title | |
Width | 4,000 px |
Height | 3,000 px |
Bits per component |
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Pixel composition | RGB |
Orientation | Normal |
Number of components | 3 |
Horizontal resolution | 180 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 180 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop Elements 13.0 (Macintosh) |
File change date and time | 13:24, 12 April 2018 |
Y and C positioning | Co-sited |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 13:08, 24 March 2018 |
Meaning of each component |
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Image compression mode | 3 |
APEX shutter speed | 5.90625 |
APEX aperture | 7.40625 |
APEX exposure bias | −0.66666666666667 |
Maximum land aperture | 4.34375 APEX (f/4.51) |
Metering mode | Pattern |
Flash | Flash fired, compulsory flash firing, red-eye reduction mode |
Supported Flashpix version | 1 |
Color space | sRGB |
Focal plane X resolution | 16,460.905349794 |
Focal plane Y resolution | 16,483.516483516 |
Focal plane resolution unit | inches |
Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
Exposure mode | Manual exposure |
White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Scene capture type | Portrait |
Lens used | 6.2-18.6 mm |
Date metadata was last modified | 09:24, 12 April 2018 |
Unique ID of original document | C84EBAA8117ADA6C13C140908E41627D |