File:Basalt (Newark Supergroup, Lower Jurassic; Watchung Mountain, Orange, New Jersey, USA) (26557224917).jpg
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[edit]DescriptionBasalt (Newark Supergroup, Lower Jurassic; Watchung Mountain, Orange, New Jersey, USA) (26557224917).jpg |
Basalt from the Jurassic of New Jersey, USA. (public display, Geology Department, Wittenberg University, Springfield, Ohio, USA) Igneous rocks form by the cooling & crystallization of hot, molten rock (magma & lava). If this happens at or near the land surface, or on the seafloor, they are extrusive igneous rocks. If this happens deep underground, they are intrusive igneous rocks. Most igneous rocks have a crystalline texture, but some are clastic, vesicular, frothy, or glassy. Basalt is a common extrusive igneous rock. It is the dominant rock in Earth’s upper oceanic crust. Black lava rocks seen at famous volcanoes such as Mt. Kilauea in Hawaii and Mt. Etna in Sicily are composed of basalt. Basalt has a mafic chemistry. This refers to igneous rocks that are generally dark-colored, have 45-55% silica (= SiO2 chemistry) (it has also been defined as 45 to 52% silica), are rich in iron (Fe), magnesium (Mg), & calcium (Ca), and are dominated by the minerals plagioclase feldspar and pyroxene. Basalts have an aphanitic texture (finely crystalline; all or almost all crystals are <1 mm in size), the result of relatively quick cooling of lava. Some basalts are porphyritic or coarsely crystalline if the lava flow took time to cool & solidify (e.g., some Proterozoic basalt lavas in the Keweenaw Peninsula of Michigan's Upper Peninsula). This New Jersey sample comes from the Newark Basin, from one of three basalt units in the Upper Triassic to Lower Jurassic Newark Supergroup, a succession of siliciclastics-dominated rocks filling a series of rift basins. Rift valleys formed during the Triassic, in what is now eastern North America, as the ancient Pangaea supercontinent attempted to break apart. The initial rifting failed, but a subsequent rifting event in the Jurassic was successful. Stratigraphy: Newark Supergroup, Lower Jurassic Locality: unrecorded/undisclosed site in the Watchung Mountains, near the town of Orange, northeastern New Jersey, USA For more info., see: <a href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newark_Supergroup" rel="nofollow">en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newark_Supergroup</a> |
Date | |
Source | Basalt (Newark Supergroup, Lower Jurassic; Watchung Mountain, Orange, New Jersey, USA) |
Author | James St. John |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by James St. John at https://flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/26557224917 (archive). It was reviewed on 10 October 2019 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
10 October 2019
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current | 00:22, 10 October 2019 | ![]() | 2,559 × 1,760 (3.86 MB) | Ser Amantio di Nicolao (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr via #flickr2commons |
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ISO speed rating | 125 |
Date and time of data generation | 13:00, 24 March 2018 |
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Horizontal resolution | 180 dpi |
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Software used | Adobe Photoshop Elements 13.0 (Macintosh) |
File change date and time | 13:19, 12 April 2018 |
Y and C positioning | Co-sited |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 13:00, 24 March 2018 |
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Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Scene capture type | Portrait |
Lens used | 6.2-18.6 mm |
Date metadata was last modified | 09:19, 12 April 2018 |
Unique ID of original document | 0CF9029613EE9165BA44166734C47C49 |
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- Basalts of the Newark Supergroup
- Volcanic rocks in New Jersey
- Jurassic volcanism of the United States
- Mafic volcanism in the United States
- Jurassic geology of New Jersey
- Orange Mountain Basalt
- Jurassic igneous rocks in New Jersey
- Newark Supergroup in New Jersey
- Geology of the Watchung Mountains
- Jurassic eruption products of the Newark Supergroup