File:Banded iron formation (Negaunee Iron-Formation, Paleoproterozoic, 1.874 or 2.11 Ga; Ishpeming, Upper Peninsula of Michigan, USA) 2 (33051580003).jpg
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[edit]DescriptionBanded iron formation (Negaunee Iron-Formation, Paleoproterozoic, 1.874 or 2.11 Ga; Ishpeming, Upper Peninsula of Michigan, USA) 2 (33051580003).jpg |
Banded iron formation from the Precambrian of Michigan, USA. (~11.9 cm across at its widest) Banded iron formations, or BIFs, are unusual, dense sedimentary rocks consisting of alternating layers of iron-rich oxides and iron-rich silicates. Most BIFs are Proterozoic in age (although some are Late Archean), and do not form today - they're “extinct”! Many specific varieties of iron formation are known, and some are given special rock names. For example, jaspilite is an attractive reddish & silvery-gray banded rock consisting of hematite, red chert (“jasper”), and specular hematite or magnetite. Because of their age, most BIFs have been around long enough to have been subjected to one or more orogenic (mountain-building) events. As such, most BIFs are folded and/or metamorphosed to varying degrees. BIFs are known from around the world, but some of the most famous & extensive BIF deposits are found in the vicinity of North America’s Lake Superior Basin. Many BIFs have economic concentrations of iron and are mined. BIFs are the most important variety of iron ore on Earth. A famous BIF unit is the 1.874 or 2.11 billion year old Negaunee Iron-Formation, which outcrops in the Marquette Iron Range of Michigan’s Upper Peninsula (UP), USA. The Negaunee Fe-Fm. has been metamorphosed to varying degrees and contains many specific lithologies, including jaspilites, taconites, specularites, ferruginous quartzites, ferruginous cherts, and ferruginous slates. The Negaunee Fe-Fm. has economic concentrations of iron and much of the unit in the Marquette Iron Range has been mined away. The best remaining, easily-accessible outcrop is Jasper Knob in the town of Ishpeming, Michigan. Earth’s oldest known macrofossils, Grypania spiralis, occur in this unit. Stratigraphy: Negaunee Iron-Formation, Paleoproterozoic, 1.874 or 2.11 Ga Locality: outcrop behind an IGA grocery store on the western side of the town of Ishpeming, Marquette County, Upper Peninsula of Michigan, USA |
Date | |
Source | Banded iron formation (Negaunee Iron-Formation, Paleoproterozoic, 1.874 or 2.11 Ga; Ishpeming, Upper Peninsula of Michigan, USA) 2 |
Author | James St. John |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by James St. John at https://flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/33051580003 (archive). It was reviewed on 10 October 2019 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
10 October 2019
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current | 00:38, 10 October 2019 | 2,587 × 2,691 (4.9 MB) | Ser Amantio di Nicolao (talk | contribs) | Transferred from Flickr via #flickr2commons |
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Date and time of data generation | 10:00, 5 April 2017 |
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Image title | |
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Horizontal resolution | 180 dpi |
Vertical resolution | 180 dpi |
Software used | Adobe Photoshop Elements 13.0 (Macintosh) |
File change date and time | 20:15, 5 April 2017 |
Y and C positioning | Co-sited |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 10:00, 5 April 2017 |
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File source | Digital still camera |
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Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Scene capture type | Portrait |
Lens used | 6.2-18.6 mm |
Date metadata was last modified | 16:15, 5 April 2017 |
Unique ID of original document | 5A9DBF28FEDEA5EDAD096ABA8BB56E35 |