File:Atrina pen shell bivalve with nacreous aragonite ("mother-of-pearl") (Algiers Beach, Sanibel Island, Florida, USA).jpg
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[edit]DescriptionAtrina pen shell bivalve with nacreous aragonite ("mother-of-pearl") (Algiers Beach, Sanibel Island, Florida, USA).jpg |
English: Atrina sp. - pen shell in Florida, USA (December 2012).
Bivalves are bilaterally symmetrical molluscs having two calcareous, asymmetrical shells (valves) - they include the clams, oysters, and scallops. In most bivalves, the two shells are mirror images of each other (the major exception is the oysters). They occur in marine, estuarine, and freshwater environments. Bivalves are also known as pelecypods and lamellibranchiates. Bivalves are sessile, benthic organisms - they occur on or below substrates. Most of them are filter-feeders, using siphons to bring in water, filter the water for tiny particles of food, then expel the used water. The majority of bivalves are infaunal - they burrow into unlithified sediments. In hard substrate environments, some forms make borings, in which the bivalve lives. Some groups are hard substrate encrusters, using a mineral cement to attach to rocks, shells, or wood. The fossil record of bivalves is Cambrian to Recent. They are especially common in the post-Paleozoic fossil record. The brown shell shown above is a pen shell, Atrina sp. This is the interior surface of a right valve. Atrina bivalves are known in the fossil record - their reported age range is Triassic to Holocene. Atrina shells are thin, moderately fragile, and relatively organic-rich (Atrina shells can be partially dissolved by the dilute bleach that is used to clean these and eliminate foul odors). The interior surface of individual Atrina shells has some attractive, rainbow-iridescent nacreous aragonite (see example shown above). Classification: Animalia, Mollusca, Bivalvia, Pteriomorphia, Pterioida, Pinnidae Locality: Algiers Beach, southern shore of Sanibel Island, Gulf of Mexico coast of southwestern Florida, USA (vicinity of 26° 25' 27.64" North latitude, 82° 03' 56.17" West longitude) |
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Source | https://www.flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/24729556813/ |
Author | James St. John |
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This image was originally posted to Flickr by James St. John at https://flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/24729556813 (archive). It was reviewed on 5 March 2020 by FlickreviewR 2 and was confirmed to be licensed under the terms of the cc-by-2.0. |
5 March 2020
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current | 18:22, 5 March 2020 | ![]() | 3,616 × 2,771 (3.62 MB) | Ser Amantio di Nicolao (talk | contribs) | Uploaded a work by James St. John from https://www.flickr.com/photos/47445767@N05/24729556813/ with UploadWizard |
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Camera manufacturer | NIKON CORPORATION |
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Camera model | NIKON D90 |
Exposure time | 1/640 sec (0.0015625) |
F-number | f/6.3 |
ISO speed rating | 200 |
Date and time of data generation | 12:11, 15 December 2012 |
Lens focal length | 220 mm |
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Orientation | Normal |
Number of components | 3 |
Horizontal resolution | 300 dpi |
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Software used | Adobe Photoshop Elements 13.0 (Macintosh) |
File change date and time | 16:32, 28 February 2016 |
Y and C positioning | Co-sited |
Exposure Program | Not defined |
Exif version | 2.21 |
Date and time of digitizing | 12:11, 15 December 2012 |
Meaning of each component |
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APEX shutter speed | 9.321928 |
APEX aperture | 5.310704 |
APEX exposure bias | 0 |
Maximum land aperture | 5.3 APEX (f/6.28) |
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Sensing method | One-chip color area sensor |
File source | Digital still camera |
Scene type | A directly photographed image |
Custom image processing | Normal process |
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White balance | Auto white balance |
Digital zoom ratio | 1 |
Focal length in 35 mm film | 330 mm |
Scene capture type | Standard |
Scene control | None |
Contrast | Normal |
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Sharpness | Normal |
Subject distance range | Unknown |
GPS tag version | 2.2.0.0 |
Serial number of camera | 3562538 |
Lens used | 18.0-270.0 mm f/3.5-6.3 |
Date metadata was last modified | 09:32, 28 February 2016 |
Unique ID of original document | F154E03D63863CF187B9C76D25642F06 |